免疫治疗，尤其是检查点抑制剂，已经为癌症的治疗带来了革命性的变革。然而，由于其作用机制是激活机体自身的T细胞，这些治疗常常伴随着副作用。所谓的免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）表现为自身免疫现象，可以发生在任何器官系统，甚至引发严重的器官衰竭。由于检查点抑制剂投药后至出现第一个irAE的时间潜伏期长达几个月，因此在整个治疗过程中都需要考虑与治疗相关的不良事件。在器官衰竭初始阶段，停用检查点抑制剂并迅速开始高剂量的皮质类固醇治疗是必要的，如果没有反应，还应该考虑进一步的免疫抑制或抗炎治疗。总体而言，皮质类固醇和扩展的治疗选择的反应很好，从这个意义上说，器官衰竭通常是可逆的。然而，强化医疗护理以及可能需要器官支持治疗的情况下，仅应根据患者的意愿和与负责的血液学/肿瘤学专家密切协商提供。由于免疫治疗的巨大治疗效益、其广泛使用以及未来可能用于治愈性疗法，重症医学科医生也将越来越频繁地遇到检查点抑制后的irAEs。因此，了解、识别和治疗免疫治疗后的副作用对重症医学科医师来说变得越来越重要。© 2023. 作者。

Immunotherapies, and in particular checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, due to their mechanism of action, the activation of the body's own T cells, side effects are frequently associated with these therapies. So-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs) manifest as autoimmunological phenomena, can occur in any organ system, and even lead to severe organ failure. Due to the time latency of up to months after administration of a checkpoint inhibitor until the first manifestation of an irAE, it is essential to consider a therapy-specific adverse event at any time during therapy. In case of incipient organ failure, discontinuation of the checkpoint inhibitor and rapid initiation of high-dose corticosteroid therapy is essential, which, in the absence of response, should be extended by further immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory therapies. In general, the response to corticosteroids and extended therapy options is good, and in this sense organ failure is often reversible. Nevertheless, intensive medical care with the possible need for organ-supporting therapies should only be provided strictly according to the patient's wishes and in close consultation with the hematologist/oncologist in charge. Because of the great therapeutic benefit of immunotherapies, their frequent use, and potential to be used in curative lines of therapy in the future, intensive care physicians will also be confronted more frequently with irAEs after checkpoint inhibition. Accordingly, understanding, recognizing, and treating side effects after immunotherapies is increasingly essential for intensivists.© 2023. The Author(s).