印度樟树（Murraya koenigii, MK），茜草科的一员，被广泛称为咖喱叶树，原产于印度、斯里兰卡和其他南亚国家。由于其叶中含有丰富的生物活性成分，如吉利宁宾、柯宁宾、玛哈尼宾和马哈宁等，它成为一种著名的草药植物。所有这些生物活性成分使该植物对治疗各种疾病和疾病有益。MK的生物学和药理学活性包括抗氧化、抗微生物、抗溃疡、抗寄生虫、抗疟疾、抗滴虫、肝保护、抗糖尿病等等。研究目的：本研究旨在评估水乙醇咖喱叶（HEMKLE）对7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽（DMBA）诱导的大鼠乳腺癌可能的保护作用，为未来乳腺癌治疗铺平道路。为制备水乙醇咖喱叶提取物（HEMKLE），从昌迪加尔旁遮普大学校园的植物园取得咖喱叶，并由旁遮普大学植物学系鉴定（鉴定号22417）。采用液相色谱质谱法（LC-MS）对HEMKLE的植物化学成分进行了表征。随后，使用Maestro Schrodinger软件进行了体外分子对接分析，并进行了体内实验。对于体内实验，将雌性SD大鼠分为四个不同的组。第一组（C），第二组（DMBA），第三组（HEMKLE），第四组（HEMKLE + DMBA）。在体外分子对接研究中，鉴定出了包括黄酮类化合物和咔唑类生物碱在内的主要植物化学成分。此外，与其他植物化学物质相比，柯宁表现出最高的结合亲和力/最小能量（-9.21 Kcal/mol），与6BDV相比。此外，体内实验揭示，与单独接受DMBA处理的组相比，HEMKLE在第四组（HEMKLE + DMBA）中的使用显著抑制了肿瘤发生率和体积。来自体内抗氧化标志酶、组织学、ER-α免疫组织化学等研究结果证明了HEMKLE的抗氧化作用。此外，与单独接受DMBA处理的动物相比，合用处理动物中TUNEL阳性细胞的数量增加。在第四组（HEMKLE + DMBA）中，与第二组（DMBA）相比，上调了促凋亡基因的表达并下调了抗凋亡基因的表达，这表明了HEMKLE的凋亡效应。本研究的结果明确证明了HEMKLE对DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌的化学预防能力。观察到的结果可能归因于HEMKLE中存在的多种植物化学物质。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Murraya koenigii (MK), a member of the Rutaceae family and widely known as the curry-leaf tree, is indigenous to India, Sri Lanka, and other south Asian nations. It is a renowned medicinal herb because of the wide range of bioactive components found in its leaves, such as girinimbine, koenimbine, mahanimbine and mahanine among others. All these bioactive components make this plant beneficial for treating a variety of ailments and diseases. Biological and pharmacological activities of MK include anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trichomonal, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats, which further paves the way for future breast cancer treatment.For the preparation of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE), Murraya koenigii (MK) leaves were taken from the botanical garden of the Panjab University campus, Chandigarh, and authenticated from the Department of Botany, Panjab University (accession number 22417). The phytochemical characterization of HEMKLE was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Following this, an in-silico molecular docking analysis was performed using Maestro Schrodinger software, and an in-vivo study was conducted. For the in-vivo study, female SD rats were divided into four different groups. Group I (C), Group II (DMBA), Group III (HEMKLE), and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA). Histopathogy, oxidative and antioxidant status, immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor-α, TUNEL assays, mRNA and protein expression of apoptotic pathway genes were conducted in in-vivo study.In LC-MS, major phytochemical constituents including flavonoids and carbazole alkaloids were identified. In-silico docking study revealed the strong binding affinity between the identified compounds with caspase-3. Additionally, koenine displayed the highest binding affinity/minimum energy of -9.21 Kcal/mol with 6BDV as compared to other phytochemicals. Furthermore, in-vivo experimentation revealed that HEMKLE administration in Group IV(HEMKLE + DMBA) significantly inhibits the tumor incidence and volume as compared to alone DMBA treated group. The antioxidant action of HEMKLE was proven from the in-vivo analysis of antioxidant marker enzymes, histopathology, immunohistochemistry of ER-α studies. Further, increase number of TUNEL positive cells was observed in co-treated animals as compared to alone DMBA treated animals. In Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA), upregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulated expression of anti-apoptotic gene were observed when compared to Group II(DMBA) suggested the apoptotic effect of HEMKLE.The results of the present study provide clear evidence of the chemopreventive capabilities of HEMKLE in rats with DMBA-induced breast cancer. The observed outcomes could potentially be attributed to the existence of diverse phytochemicals within the HEMKLE.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.