自体干细胞移植（ASCT）是适合接受移植的多发性骨髓瘤（TEMM）患者的标准治疗方法。然而，在ASCT前所需达到的理想疗效以及干细胞采集（SCC）中残留肿瘤细胞对生存的影响仍不清楚。本研究收集了89例接受ASCT的TEMM患者的数据，并分析了移植前SCC（cMRD）和骨髓（BM）（mMRD）中的最小残留疾病。在ASCT前，31.5％的患者在BM中达到MRD阴性，而76.4％的患者在SCC中达到MRD阴性。与BM样本相比，SCC样本中的肿瘤细胞较少。在引导治疗后，可以观察到SCC中不同反应患者的肿瘤细胞，而这些亚组之间的cMRD的百分比和水平没有显著差异（P > 0.05）。在ASCT后，cMRD状态与患者达到的反应之间没有相关性（P > 0.05）。中位随访时间为26.8个月。ASCT前mMRD阴性与较长的无进展生存期（55.9个月对比27.1个月；P = 0.009）有关，但与总生存期无关（未达到对比58.9个月；P = 0.115）。在ASCT前，不同的cMRD状态的患者经历了相似的无进展生存期（阴性对比阳性40.5个月对比76.4个月；P = 0.685）和总生存期（未达到对比阴性58.8个月对比阳性；P = 0.889）。这些结果表明，可检测到的cMRD在预测ASCT后较差的反应或较短的生存期方面没有显著预测能力，并且患者在达到部分反应后有资格接受ASCT。© 2023.作者。

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard therapy for patients with transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (TEMM). However, the ideal depth of response required before ASCT and the impact of residual tumor cells in the stem cell collection (SCC) on survival remains unclear. Here we collected data of 89 patients with TEMM undergoing ASCT and analyzed the minimal residual disease of SCC (cMRD) and bone marrow (BM) (mMRD) before transplantation. Before ASCT, 31.5% and 76.4% of patients achieved MRD negativity in BM and SCC, respectively. Tumor cells were less in SCC samples than that in BM samples. Neoplastic cells in SCC could be observed in patients with different responses after induction therapy, and there were no significant differences in the percentage and level of cMRD among these subgroups (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between the cMRD status and the response patients achieved after ASCT (P > 0.05). The median follow-up was 26.8 months. mMRD negativity before ASCT was associated with longer PFS (55.9 vs. 27.1 months; P = 0.009) but not OS (not reached vs. 58.9 months; P = 0.115). Patients with different cMRD statuses before ASCT experienced similar PFS (40.5 vs. 76.4 months for negativity vs. positivity; P = 0.685) and OS (not reached vs. 58.8 months for negativity vs. positivity; P = 0.889). These results suggested that detectable cMRD does not significantly predict the inferior post-ASCT response or shorter survival, and patients are eligible to undergo ASCT upon achieving partial response.© 2023. The Author(s).