在癌症免疫治疗的新时代中，免疫检查点阻断（ICB）和细胞移植疗法（ACT）引起了广泛关注。然而，由于存在“冷”类型肿瘤、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境和免疫相关副作用，它们的治疗效果受到限制。另一方面，基于树突状细胞（DC）的疫苗被认为是一种可以解决ICBs和ACTs所遇到限制的新型癌症免疫治疗方案。尽管第一代基于DC的疫苗（如首个获得FDA批准的基于DC的治疗性癌症疫苗Provenge）取得了成功，但仍存在一些未解决的挑战。因此，新的DC疫苗策略得到了积极的研究。本综述详细评估了当前最常采用的经典DC疫苗的局限性，并评价了新一代DC疫苗，包括基于生物材料、诱导免疫源性细胞死亡、mRNA脉冲、基于DC的小型细胞外囊泡（sEV）和基于肿瘤sEV的DC疫苗。这些创新的DC疫苗被认为在癌症免疫治疗领域将取得重大突破，并有望得到进一步的临床前和临床研究的支持。

In the emerging era of cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) have gained significant attention. However, their therapeutic efficacies are limited due to the presence of cold type tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immune-related side effects. On the other hand, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been suggested as a new cancer immunotherapy regimen that can address the limitations encountered by ICBs and ACTs. Despite the success of the first generation of DC-based vaccines, represented by the first FDA-approved DC-based therapeutic cancer vaccine Provenge, several challenges remain unsolved. Therefore, new DC vaccine strategies have been actively investigated. This review addresses the limitations of the currently most adopted classical DC vaccine and evaluates new generations of DC vaccines in detail, including biomaterial-based, immunogenic cell death-inducing, mRNA-pulsed, DC small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-based, and tumor sEV-based DC vaccines. These innovative DC vaccines are envisioned to provide a significant breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy landscape and are expected to be supported by further preclinical and clinical studies.