巨细胞动脉炎（GCA）和高安早动脉炎（TAK）是影响主动脉及其分支的大血管血管炎。这些疾病引起的动脉损伤可能导致缺血并发症、动脉瘤和夹层。尽管二者相似，但GCA和TAK的治疗方法有所不同。糖皮质激素经常被使用，但复发现象很常见，并且糖皮质激素毒性导致重大发病率。传统免疫抑制疗法在TAK中可能有益，但在GCA的治疗中的作用尚不清楚。肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂可提高TAK的缓解率，并似乎限制血管损伤；而这些药物在GCA中没有益处。托珠单抗是首个用于GCA的生物学糖皮质激素替代药物，也似乎在TAK中有效。对于未来的治疗，更好地了解这两种病症的发病机制以及可用的靶向治疗方法具有很大的希望。《医学年鉴》第75卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2024年1月。请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates以获取修订后的估计日期。

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are large-vessel vasculitides affecting the aorta and its branches. Arterial damage from these diseases may result in ischemic complications, aneurysms, and dissections. Despite their similarities, the management of GCA and TAK differs. Glucocorticoids are used frequently but relapses are common, and glucocorticoid toxicity contributes to significant morbidity. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies can be beneficial in TAK, though their role in the management of GCA remains unclear. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors improve remission rates and appear to limit vascular damage in TAK; these agents are not beneficial in GCA. Tocilizumab is the first biologic glucocorticoid-sparing agent approved for use in GCA and also appears to be effective in TAK. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of both conditions and the availability of targeted therapies hold much promise for future management. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 75 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.