作为真核生物的一个重要细胞器，溶酶体是细胞内的降解中心和代谢信号中心，参与许多重要的生理过程，如自噬、细胞死亡和细胞衰老。由于其高特异性和非破坏性的优点，荧光探针已成为研究细胞器及其化学微环境的常用工具。近年来，越来越多的溶酶体靶向探针在癌症和神经退行性疾病等疾病的诊断和监测中发挥重要作用。为了加深对溶酶体相关研究的理解，设计新型的溶酶体靶向探针是具有挑战性和必然性的。本综述首先介绍了溶酶体的概念及其密切相关的生物活动，然后根据不同的检测靶点，详细介绍了用于溶酶体的荧光探针，包括靶向机制、生物成像和在疾病中的应用。最后，我们总结了当前溶酶体靶向荧光探针面临的具体挑战，并讨论了未来发展的方向。我们希望本综述可以帮助生物学家掌握荧光探针的应用，扩展研究者针对荧光探针的研究思路，以设计更准确和功能更强大的探针用于疾病应用。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

As an integral organelle in the eukaryote, the lysosome is the degradation center and metabolic signal center in living cells, and partakes in significant physiological processes such as autophagy, cell death and cellular senescence. Fluorescent probe has become a favorite tool for studying organelles and their chemical microenvironments because of its high specificity and non-destructive merits. Over recent years, it has been reported that increasingly new lysosome-targeted probes play a major role in the diagnosis and monitor of diseases, in particular cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen the relevant research on lysosome, it is challenging and inevitability to design novel lysosomal targeting probes. This review first introduces the concepts of lysosome and its closely related biological activities, and then introduces the fluorescent probes for lysosome in detail according to different detection targets, including targeting mechanism, biological imaging, and application in diseases. Finally, we summarize the specific challenges and discuss the future development direction facing the current lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes. We hope that this review can help biologists grasp the application of fluorescent probes and broaden the research ideas of researchers targeting fluorescent probes so as to design more accurate and functional probes for application in diseases.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.