新生隐球菌是一种有膜的酵母菌。对于免疫受损的艾滋病毒（HIV）和非艾滋病毒易感染人群来说，它是一个重要的病原体。这些易感染的人群包括癌症、皮质类固醇使用、结节病接受免疫抑制治疗、器官移植、免疫抑制药物使用和肝硬化等。在肝硬化患者中，它占系统性感染的6-21%。本回顾性研究在印度新德里的三级护理肝胆中心进行。对血液、脑脊液、尿液、体液和血清样本进行革兰氏染色、印度墨草染、真菌培养和鉴定以及隐球菌抗原检测。采用微量稀释法评估抗真菌药物的敏感性。分析了30例隐球菌感染患者的情况，并从各种样本中分离出40株隐球菌。在40个样品中，新生隐球菌分离自血液（62.5%）、尿液（15%）、腹水（10%）、微小支气管肺泡灌洗液（5%），还有骨髓、脑脊液和胸腔积液样本各1例。墨草染阳性率为56%，所有样本均为隐球菌抗原阳性。酒精性肝病和乙型及丙型慢性肝病分别在43%和20%的患者中观察到。其他潜在的病症包括糖尿病（20%）、结核病（10%）、自身免疫性肝炎（6.6%）、自身免疫疾病（自身免疫性溶血性贫血、干燥综合征）（6.6%）、结节病（3.3%）、肝细胞性癌（3.3%）。C. neoformans菌株中有7.5%、5%、2.5%、7.5%和2.5%的非野生型对氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、泊沙康唑和伊曲康唑具有抗药性，但对伏立康唑的抗药性均为野生型。根据该研究，肝脏疾病是隐球菌感染的重要风险因素。因此，应该对隐球菌分离和抗真菌药物敏感性测试以及恰当的抗真菌药物使用加以研究和关注。 © 2023 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast. It is a significant pathogen among immunocompromised people with HIV & Non-HIV vulnerable populations. These conditions include cancer, corticosteroid usage, immunosuppression following sarcoidosis, organ transplantation, immunosuppressive medication, and liver cirrhosis. In cirrhotic, it accounts for 6-21% of systemic infections.The retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hepatobiliary center in New Delhi, India. Samples of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, body fluids, and serum were processed for gram stain, India ink, fungal culture and identification, and cryptococcal antigen. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed using the micro-broth dilution technique.30 patients with cryptococcal infection were analysed, and 40 isolates from various samples were recovered. Out of 40 samples, C. neoformans was isolated from blood (62.5%), urine (15%), ascitic fluid (10%), MiniBAL (5%), bone marrow, CSF, and pleural fluid in one sample each. India ink positivity was 56% and all samples were positive for Cryptococcal antigen. Alcoholic liver disease & Hepatitis B & C associated chronic liver disease were seen in 43% & 20% of patients. Other underlying conditions were diabetes mellitus (20%), TB (10%), autoimmune hepatitis (6.6%), autoimmune disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Sjogren syndrome) (6.6%), sarcoidosis (3.3%), hepatocellular carcinoma (3.3%). 7.5%, 5%, 2.5%, 7.5%, and 2.5% of C. neoformans strains were the non-wild type to fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, posaconazole, and itraconazole respectively, but all strains were wildtype to voriconazole.According to the study liver conditions are a significant risk factor for cryptococcal infection. Therefore, cryptococcal isolation and antifungal susceptibility testing, as well as appropriate antifungal drug use, should be studied and paid attention too.Copyright © 2023 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.