许多研究已经探索不同洋葱固体废物（如球茎、外皮和剥皮）中生物活性化合物的提取。然而，尽管其作为保健化合物的宝贵来源的潜力，洋葱叶一直受到有限的关注。本研究旨在首次评估农业废弃物的利用价值，以获得富含抗氧化剂的多酚提取物，其形式为青葱叶（CN，Cipollotto Nocerino）。采用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）评估了微波辅助提取（MAE）变量（温度、时间、提取体积和乙醇浓度）对用Folin-Ciocalteu方法测定的总多酚含量（TPC）和用FRAP法测定的抗氧化能力的影响。应用响应面方法学（RSM），并建立了回归方程、方差分析和三维响应曲线。我们的结果显示，TPC值范围为0.76至1.43毫克GAE克-1干重，而FRAP值范围为8.25至14.80毫摩尔Fe（II）E克-1干重。模型预测的最佳提取条件是60摄氏度，22分钟，乙醇浓度为51%（体积百分比），溶剂体积为11毫升。这些条件导致TPC和FRAP值分别为1.35毫克GAE克-1干重和14.02毫摩尔Fe（II）E克-1干重。此外，根据优化条件获得的提取物经UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS分析进行了表征。LC/MS-MS平台使我们能够初步鉴定属于类黄酮、皂苷、脂肪酸和脂类等的各种化合物。最后，使用H2O2诱导的氧化应激模型评估了CN最佳提取物在肝癌细胞系中抑制胞内活性氧自由基（ROS）释放的能力。结果表明，CN提取物具有显著的抗氧化性能，是食品和制药行业多种应用的宝贵来源。© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

Many studies have explored the extraction of bioactive compounds from different onion solid wastes, such as bulb, skin, and peel. However, onion leaves have received limited attention despite their potential as a valuable source of nutraceutical compounds. This study aimed to valorise, for the first time, the agricultural waste in the form of spring onion leaves (CN, Cipollotto Nocerino) to obtain antioxidant-rich polyphenolic extracts. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to assess the impact of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) variables (temperature, time, extraction volume, and ethanol concentration) on total polyphenol content (TPC) measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant power determined by FRAP assay. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied, and regression equations, analysis of variance, and 3D response curves were developed. Our results highlighted that the TPC values range from 0.76 to 1.43 mg GAE g-1 dw, while the FRAP values range from 8.25 to 14.80 mmol Fe(II)E g-1 dw. The optimal extraction conditions predicted by the model were 60 °C, 22 min, ethanol concentration 51% (v/v), and solvent volume 11 mL. These conditions resulted in TPC and FRAP values of 1.35 mg GAE g-1 dw and 14.02 mmol Fe(II)E g-1 dw, respectively. Furthermore, the extract obtained under optimized conditions was characterized by UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS analysis. LC/MS-MS platform allowed us to tentatively identify various compounds belonging to the class of flavonoids, saponins, fatty acids, and lipids. Finally, the ability of CN optimal extract to inhibit the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in a hepatocarcinoma cell line using an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model, was evaluated. The results highlighted the potential of CN extract as a valuable source of polyphenols with significant antioxidant properties, suitable for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.