肾盂原发性鳞状细胞癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，占所有肾肿瘤的少于1％。这种癌症通常发生在泌尿道的过渡上皮中，且其在肾盂的存在极为罕见。本文中，我们讨论了一名肾盂原发性鳞状细胞癌患者的临床和病理方面。患者是一名58岁的男性，出现胁腹不适并伴有尿液灼烧感。由于影像检查显示右侧肾积水，患者接受了右肾切除术。经病理检查，肾盂原发性鳞状细胞癌的诊断得到了证实。患者随后接受了4个周期的顺铂和吉西他滨化疗。一个月后，患者因胸壁的转移性肿块被转诊。由于肿瘤的罕见性，诊断和治疗都很困难。这个病例报告强调了在肾盂肿瘤的鉴别诊断中包括肾盂原发性鳞状细胞癌的重要性，尤其是在有吸烟和慢性肾结石等危险因素的人群中。肾盂鳞状细胞癌是一种罕见、侵袭性、高级别的肿瘤，预后不良。慢性刺激在过程中起到了重要作用。因此，有尿石病史的患者应密切监测。 版权所有©2023作者。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is a rare malignancy, accounting for fewer than 1 % of all kidney tumors. This form of cancer normally develops in the urinary tract's transitional epithelium, and its presence in the renal pelvis is extremely rare.In this report, we discuss the clinical and pathological aspects of a patient with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The patient, a 58-year-old man, had flank discomfort associated with burning micturition. A right nephrectomy was done after imaging investigations indicated right kidney hydronephrosis. The diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by pathological investigation of the specimen. The patient has received 4cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine. One month later, the patient was referred for a metastatic mass in the chest wall.Because of the tumor's rarity, diagnosis and therapy are difficult. This case report emphasizes the significance of including primary squamous cell carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of renal pelvic tumors, especially in individuals with risk factors such as smoking and chronic renal calculi.Renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive, high-grade tumor with a poor prognosis. Chronic irritation plays a substantial role in the process. Thus, patients with a history of urolithiasis should be monitored closely.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.