化疗免疫疗法已成为无肿瘤驱动基因的晚期肺癌患者的最佳一线治疗方法。然而，该方法也可能导致治疗相关不良事件的发生率和严重性增加。本回顾性研究纳入了接受抗PD-1或抗PD-L1治疗加化疗的肺癌患者。详细收集了患者的人口学特征、疾病特征、治疗策略、实验室结果和临床结局等数据，这些数据来自电子病历系统和评价量表。采用卡方检验、单变量和多变量 Logistic 回归分析，确定了免疫相关不良事件（irAEs）的风险因素。 共纳入116例患者，大多数出现了治疗相关的不良事件。114例（98.3%）患者报告了任何程度的不良事件，其中73例（62.9%）出现了3级或更高级别的不良事件。最常见的不良事件是贫血（67.2%）、食欲减退（62.9%）和脱发（53.4%）。共有54例（46.6%）患者被诊断出发生了irAEs，其中以甲状腺功能减退症（28.4%）最常见。多变量分析显示治疗周期数、甲状腺刺激素（TSH）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基线水平升高与irAEs存在显著相关性（OR = 1.222，P = 0.009，OR = 1.945，P = 0.016，OR = 1.176，P = 0.004），且 IL-6 被确定为严重 irAEs 的强力预测因子（OR = 1.084，P = 0.014）。 我们的研究证明了化疗免疫疗法在无额外毒性的肺癌患者中的安全性。治疗周期数、较高的 TSH 和 IL-6 基线水平被认为是 irAEs 的潜在临床生物标志物。© 2023 作者。由牛津大学出版社代表英国免疫学学会发表。版权所有。如需获得权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Chemo-immunotherapy has become the best first-line treatment for advanced lung cancer patients without oncogenic drivers. However, it may also lead to an increased incidence and severity of treatment-related adverse events. In this retrospective study, lung cancer patients administrated with either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment plus chemotherapy were included. Data on demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, treatment strategies, laboratory results and clinical outcomes were collected from the Electronic Medical Records System and evaluation scales. Chi-square, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). A total of 116 patients were included in the study, and the majority experienced treatment-related adverse events. Adverse events of any grade were reported in 114 (98.3%) patients, with 73 (62.9%) experiencing Grade 3 or higher events. The most frequent adverse events were anemia (67.2%), decreased appetite (62.9%), and alopecia (53.4%). Fifty-four (46.6%) patients were diagnosed with irAEs, with hypothyroidism (28.4%) being the most commonly reported. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the number of treatment cycles, elevated baseline levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with irAEs (OR = 1.222, p = 0.009, OR = 1.945, p = 0.016, OR = 1.176, p = 0.004), and IL-6 was identified as a strong predictor of severe irAEs (OR = 1.084, p = 0.014). Our study demonstrated the safety of chemo-immunotherapy in lung cancer patients without additional toxicity. The number of treatment cycles, higher baseline levels of TSH and IL-6 were identified as potential clinical biomarkers for irAEs.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.