肿瘤相关神经系统疾病是由恶性肿瘤引发的免疫介导的神经系统攻击。它们通常与肺部、乳腺、胸腺、妇科和血液恶性肿瘤相关。我们报道了一例40多岁男性患者，由结肠腺癌引发的肿瘤相关脑脊髓炎，强调在亚急性出现的神经系统疾病中，对全面评估肿瘤的临界值应降低。我们还强调，缺乏阳性肿瘤抗原抗体并不排除肿瘤相关综合征的诊断。 © BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. 未经许可，不得进行商业再利用。BMJ出版。

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are immune-mediated neurological attacks triggered by malignancies. They are commonly associated with lung, breast, thymus, gynaecological and haematological malignancies. We report a case of a male patient in his late 40s with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis due to a colonic adenocarcinoma emphasising a low threshold for extensive cancer evaluation in all subacutely presenting neurological syndromes. We also emphasise that the absence of a positive onconeural antibody does not preclude the diagnosis of a paraneoplastic syndrome.© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.