早期癌症检测领域的快速进步使我们更接近实现早期发现癌症并治疗或治愈，同时避免过度诊断的目标。我们在癌症筛查的当前原则背景下评估早期癌症检测测试的进展。我们回顾了基于细胞外DNA (cfDNA) 的突变、甲基化或片段组学的早期癌症检测方法。最后，我们讨论了在将这些测试纳入例行临床护理之前，证明其临床效用的挑战。 © 2023 作者（或其雇主）。本文可根据CC BY-NC许可复制和重用，禁止商业使用。由BMJ出版。

Rapid advancements in the area of early cancer detection have brought us closer to achieving the goals of finding cancer early enough to treat or cure it, while avoiding harms of overdiagnosis. We evaluate progress in the development of early cancer detection tests in the context of the current principles for cancer screening. We review cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based approaches using mutations, methylation, or fragmentomes for early cancer detection. Lastly, we discuss the challenges in demonstrating clinical utility of these tests before integration into routine clinical care.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.