Neuropixels是一种基于硅的电生理记录探针，具有高通道数和记录位密度。这些探针提供了一个一站式平台，用于以单细胞分辨率和超出当前临床批准设备能力的尺度测量神经活动。我们的团队在癫痫或肿瘤切除手术和帕金森病患者深部脑刺激电极植入期间首次使用这些探针。在这里，我们提供了对使用Neuropixels作为研究工具研究人类神经生理学的能力和挑战的更好理解，希望这些信息能够为未来将Neuropixels探针作为研究设备获得监管批准的努力提供参考。在围手术期操作中，主要关注的是设备的初始无菌性、手术过程中的无菌区域维持、可用于去噪（如有必要）的多种参考和接地方案、避免在插入前意外接触硅探针，以及获取高质量的动作电位和局部场电位记录。研究团队确保设备完全运作，并与手术团队协调合作，消除可能对敏感硬件记录的信号产生重大影响的电气噪声来源。在使用设备前进行设备和人体临床研究培训，以及在手术室工作，最大限度地提高了团队内部和团队之间的有效沟通，确保了高质量的记录并尽量减少手术时间。围手术期的操作需要约4小时，整个协议需要数周时间。©2023，Springer Nature Limited。

Neuropixels are silicon-based electrophysiology-recording probes with high channel count and recording-site density. These probes offer a turnkey platform for measuring neural activity with single-cell resolution and at a scale that is beyond the capabilities of current clinically approved devices. Our team demonstrated the first-in-human use of these probes during resection surgery for epilepsy or tumors and deep brain stimulation electrode placement in patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we provide a better understanding of the capabilities and challenges of using Neuropixels as a research tool to study human neurophysiology, with the hope that this information may inform future efforts toward regulatory approval of Neuropixels probes as research devices. In perioperative procedures, the major concerns are the initial sterility of the device, maintaining a sterile field during surgery, having multiple referencing and grounding schemes available to de-noise recordings (if necessary), protecting the silicon probe from accidental contact before insertion and obtaining high-quality action potential and local field potential recordings. The research team ensures that the device is fully operational while coordinating with the surgical team to remove sources of electrical noise that could otherwise substantially affect the signals recorded by the sensitive hardware. Prior preparation using the equipment and training in human clinical research and working in operating rooms maximize effective communication within and between the teams, ensuring high recording quality and minimizing the time added to the surgery. The perioperative procedure requires ~4 h, and the entire protocol requires multiple weeks.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.