肥胖是绝经后妇女乳腺癌的确定危险因素。然而，肥胖如何对乳腺癌产生影响的潜在生物学机制尚不清楚。炎性脂肪微环境是乳腺癌进展的核心，已被证明有利于乳腺癌细胞生长并降低抗癌治疗的有效性。因此，深入理解肥胖乳腺癌患者中的炎性微环境至关重要。三维（3D）体外模型是增进我们对脂肪微环境内复杂相互作用的理解的关键工具。本综述讨论了用于重现乳腺肿瘤微环境的一些方法，包括各种共培养和3D体外模型。我们考虑这些模型系统如何有助于乳腺癌研究的理解，特别关注炎性肿瘤微环境的作用。本综述旨在就这些模型系统在乳腺癌研究中的应用前景提供洞察和未来发展方向。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature 的一部分。

Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of how obesity contributes to breast cancer remains unclear. The inflammatory adipose microenvironment is central to breast cancer progression and has been shown to favour breast cancer cell growth and to reduce efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. Thus, it is imperative to further our understanding of the inflammatory microenvironment seen in breast cancer patients with obesity. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models offer a key tool in increasing our understanding of such complex interactions within the adipose microenvironment. This review discusses some of the approaches utilised to recapitulate the breast tumour microenvironment, including various co-culture and 3D in vitro models. We consider how these model systems contribute to the understanding of breast cancer research, with particular focus on the inflammatory tumour microenvironment. This review aims to provide insight and prospective future directions on the utility of such model systems for breast cancer research.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.