过去15年来，肿瘤治疗的传统范式以细胞毒化疗为中心，在免疫治疗和靶向癌症治疗的出现后取得了巨大的进展。这些药物包括小分子抑制剂、单克隆抗体和免疫检查点抑制剂，对个体肿瘤特征高度特异性，并通过抑制特定的分子靶点或单个致癌基因来阻止细胞生长和肿瘤发生。虽然这些治疗一般比传统化疗更易耐受，但却与独特的不良反应相伴。手术期和操作期的特别重要性在于造血功能异常，特别是抗血小板效应增加了出血风险，并影响了伤口愈合。本文综述了靶向癌症治疗，并提供了手术或操作干预相关的医生管理这些患者护理的建议。 版权所有 © 2023 美国麻醉师协会。保留所有权利。

The traditional paradigm of oncologic treatment centered on cytotoxic chemotherapy has undergone tremendous advancement during the last 15 yr with the advent of immunotherapy and targeted cancer therapies. These agents, including small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, are highly specific to individual tumor characteristics and can prevent cell growth and tumorigenesis by inhibiting specific molecular targets or single oncogenes. While generally better tolerated than traditional chemotherapy, these therapies are associated with unique constellations of adverse effects. Of particular importance in the perioperative and periprocedural settings are hematologic abnormalities, particularly antiplatelet effects with increased risk of bleeding, and implications for wound healing. This narrative review discusses targeted cancer therapies and provides recommendations for physicians managing these patients' care as it relates to procedural or surgical interventions.Copyright © 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists. All Rights Reserved.