肺癌（LC），尤其是非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC），是全球范围内最常见的新生物类型之一，无论男女，其在肿瘤学中的死亡率最高。多年来，NSCLC的治疗已从传统手术、化疗和放疗发展到更加个体化和微创的方法。个性化治疗的使用提高了治疗的预期疗效，同时减少了严重不良反应（AE）的发生频率。在本综述中，我们讨论了已建立的现代方法，包括免疫疗法和靶向治疗，以及实验性的分子方法，如CRISPR和纳米粒子。这些新兴方法为各种患者提供了有希望的疗效，并缩短了康复时间。诊断领域的最新进展，包括成像和基因分析，为这些方法的实施提供了可能。这些现代治疗的多样性使得可以有多种治疗选择，例如单一药物的使用，与现有传统治疗的结合，或者纳入新的方案。因此，即使在NSCLC晚期，患者也能生存下来，从而提高了总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）等生存指标。 © 2023. 作者。

Lung cancer (LC), particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia worldwide, regardless of gender, with the highest mortality rates in oncology. Over the years, treatment for NSCLC has evolved from conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to more tailored and minimally invasive approaches. The use of personalised therapies has increased the expected efficacy of treatment while simultaneously reducing the frequency of severe adverse effects (AEs). In this review, we discuss established modern approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as experimental molecular methods like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and nanoparticles. These emerging methods offer promising outcomes and shorten the recovery time for various patients. Recent advances in the diagnostic field, including imaging and genetic profiling, have enabled the implementation of these methods. The versatility of these modern therapies allows for multiple treatment options, such as single-agent use, combination with existing conventional treatments, or incorporation into new regimens. As a result, patients can survive even in the advanced stages of NSCLC, leading to increased survival indicators such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).© 2023. The Author(s).