近年来，结直肠癌（CRC）在全球范围内以发病率和死亡率而言是最具威胁生命的恶性肿瘤之一。维生素D缺乏与CRC风险增加有关。1α，25-二羟基维生素D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3] 是最活跃的维生素D代谢产物，是通过与核受体超家族的转录因子结合来影响人类基因组的主要调节因子。1,25(OH)2 D3对结肠癌和基质细胞起到肿瘤保护作用。在本文中，我们回顾了1,25(OH)2 D3对CRC中的各种分子机制的影响，这些机制影响了肿瘤起始和进展过程中的多个失调过程。此外，我们还讨论了与维生素D缺乏和CRC有关的流行病学数据，以及针对健康人群和CRC患者进行的最相关的维生素D3补充的随机对照试验。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2 D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.