本研究的目的是评估自体移植联合免疫组织造血干细胞移植（ASCT）对外周T细胞淋巴瘤（PTCL）患者的生存益处。在这项回顾性研究中，ASCT组在中国14个移植中心进行了一线治疗后进行了联合ASCT，时间为2001年1月至2019年12月。非ASCT组的数据在同一时间范围内从北京大学癌症医院和研究所的淋巴瘤患者数据库中收集。ASCT组和非ASCT组分别纳入了120名和317名患者，他们的中位年龄分别为43岁和51岁。在ASCT组中，101名患者在ASCT时达到完全缓解（CR），19名患者则达到部分缓解。随访时间的中位数分别为40.2个月和68个月，3年总生存率分别为80.6%和48.9%（p < 0.001）。ASCT对于总生存率的有益效果即使在倾向评分匹配（PSM）分析之后仍然存在（81.6%对68.3%，p = 0.001）。在203名年龄≤65岁并达到CR的患者中，ASCT提供了显著的生存益处（3年无进展生存率[PFS]：67.4%对47.0%，p = 0.004；3年总生存率：84.0%对74.1%，p = 0.010），这一结果在PSM分析之后也得以保持（3年PFS：66.6%对48.4%，p = 0.042；3年总生存率：84.8%对70.5%，p = 0.011）。联合ASCT改善了PTCL患者的生存结果，即使是在一线治疗后达到CR的患者中也是如此。© 2023. 作者。

The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival benefit of consolidative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). In this retrospective study, the ASCT group underwent consolidative ASCT after first-line therapy at 14 transplantation centers in China between January 2001 and December 2019. Data were collected over the same time frame for the non-ASCT group from the database of lymphoma patient records at Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. A total of 120 and 317 patients were enrolled in the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively, and their median ages were 43 years and 51 years, respectively. In the ASCT group, 101 patients had achieved complete remission (CR) and 19 patients had achieved partial remission at the time of ASCT. The median follow-up time was 40.2 months and 68 months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 80.6% and 48.9% (p < 0.001) for the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively. The beneficial effect of ASCT for OS remained even after propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis (81.6% vs 68.3%, p = 0.001). Among the 203 patients who were aged ≤ 65 years and achieved CR, ASCT conferred a significant survival benefit (3-year progression-free survival [PFS]: 67.4% vs 47.0%, p = 0.004; 3-year OS: 84.0% vs 74.1%, p = 0.010), and this was also maintained after PSM analysis (3-year PFS: 66.6% vs 48.4%, p = 0.042; 3-year OS: 84.8% vs 70.5%, p = 0.011). Consolidative ASCT improved the survival outcome of PTCL patients, even those who achieved CR after first-line therapy.© 2023. The Author(s).