炎症主要影响许多人类疾病的起始、进展和恶化，免疫细胞是通过产生细胞因子和趋化因子以维持生理平衡或加速疾病发展来调节炎症平衡的主要力量。S100A8/A9是一种由中性粒细胞主要产生的异二聚蛋白，通过触发多条信号转导途径来介导微管组成和病原体防御，以及癌症生长、转移、药物抵抗和预后等复杂过程。它的配体受体，如糖基化终末产物受体（RAGEs）和Toll样受体4（TLR4），也在肿瘤细胞内发挥作用和效果，主要与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）、NF-κB、磷酸肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/Akt、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）和蛋白激酶C（PKC）的活化有关。在临床设置中，S100A8/A9及其受体可作为癌症诊断和治疗的有效生物标志物互补使用。本综述全面总结了S100A8/A9及其各种受体在肿瘤细胞中的生物学功能，以期为癌症中针对S100A8/A9的新型诊断和治疗方法提供新的见解和策略。Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Zhao, Shao, Xu and Zhao.

Inflammation primarily influences the initiation, progression, and deterioration of many human diseases, and immune cells are the principal forces that modulate the balance of inflammation by generating cytokines and chemokines to maintain physiological homeostasis or accelerate disease development. S100A8/A9, a heterodimer protein mainly generated by neutrophils, triggers many signal transduction pathways to mediate microtubule constitution and pathogen defense, as well as intricate procedures of cancer growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and prognosis. Its paired receptors, such as receptor for advanced glycation ends (RAGEs) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also have roles and effects within tumor cells, mainly involved with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the clinical setting, S100A8/A9 and its receptors can be used complementarily as efficient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the biological functions of S100A8/A9 and its various receptors in tumor cells, in order to provide new insights and strategies targeting S100A8/A9 to promote novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods in cancers.Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Zhao, Shao, Xu and Zhao.