意大利是欧洲患丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染率最高的国家，并且肝癌病死率也最高。虽然直接作用抗病毒药物（DAA）最初仅限于晚期纤维化患者使用，但现已扩大到所有感染者；迄今已有超过244,000人接受治疗。预计到2030年，与HCV相关的肝脏病死率将下降75%，实现世界卫生组织对病死率的目标。然而，意大利可能无法实现到2030年消除HCV感染的总体目标。基于这一情况，已拨款7150万欧元用于旨在最初筛查特定目标人群（吸毒者、监狱囚犯、1969-1989年间出生的人群）的项目。在本文中，我们概述意大利在消除HCV方面面临的挑战和建议，包括在其他人群中扩大筛查计划、通过战略传播增加认知、维持DAA的可获得性，并量身定制照顾模式以满足重点人群的需求。 © 作者（们）2023年。由牛津大学出版社代表美国传染病学会出版。保留所有权利。如需使用，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Italy has had the highest prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and mortality from HCV-related liver cancer in Europe. Although direct-acting antivirals (DAA) were initially restricted to persons with advanced fibrosis, their use has since been extended to all infected individuals; more than 244 000 persons have been treated to date. HCV liver-related mortality is expected to decline by 75% by 2030, achieving the World Health Organization target for mortality. However, Italy risks failing to meet the overall goal of eliminating HCV infection by 2030. In this light, €71.5 million have been allocated for screening initially specific target populations (persons who inject drugs, prison inmates, and the 1969-1989 birth cohort). Herein, we outline the challenges and recommendations for how to move Italy toward HCV elimination, including expanding screening programs in other populations, increasing awareness through strategic communication, sustaining DAA access, and tailoring care models to meet the needs of key populations.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.