液-液相分离（LLPS）是一种由生物分子之间的弱相互作用驱动的现象，如蛋白质和核酸，导致形成不同的液态凝聚体。通过LLPS，形成了无膜凝聚体，选择性地浓缩特定的蛋白质，同时排除其他分子，以维持正常的细胞功能。新兴证据表明，与癌症相关的突变导致异常的凝聚体组装，进而导致信号传导紊乱，DNA修复受损，染色质异常组织，最终促进肿瘤发生。本综述旨在总结近期对LLPS在癌症进展和治疗干预中潜在意义的了解。通过干预LLPS，可能恢复正常的细胞过程并抑制肿瘤进展。讨论了与癌症中LLPS相关的潜在机制和药物靶点，为创新治疗干预提供了有希望的机会。 ©作者。

Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a phenomenon driven by weak interactions between biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, that leads to the formation of distinct liquid-like condensates. Through LLPS, membraneless condensates are formed, selectively concentrating specific proteins while excluding other molecules to maintain normal cellular functions. Emerging evidence shows that cancer-related mutations cause aberrant condensate assembly, resulting in disrupted signal transduction, impaired DNA repair, and abnormal chromatin organization and eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advancements in understanding the potential implications of LLPS in the contexts of cancer progression and therapeutic interventions. By interfering with LLPS, it may be possible to restore normal cellular processes and inhibit tumor progression. The underlying mechanisms and potential drug targets associated with LLPS in cancer are discussed, shedding light on promising opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.© The author(s).