青藏高原，被称为“世界第三极”，拥有丰富多样的药用植物, 由于其独特的地理环境使其在医学领域起着重要作用。然而，由于藏药资源有限和青藏高原生态环境的脆弱性，越来越多的藏药植物濒临灭绝。作为生物活性物质库，药用植物内生菌产生了大量在现代医学中具有潜在应用价值的化合物（包括抗菌、免疫抑制、抗病毒和抗癌），并有望成为藏药植物的替代品。本文回顾了青藏高原的12种藏药植物，重点介绍了它们的内生菌多样性、代谢物多样性及其应用。结果表明，藏药植物的内生菌非常丰富，其代谢物的功效涉及多个方面，如抗氧化、抗疾病和抗寄生虫等。此外，总结了藏药植物资源的保护措施，以供深入了解藏药植物内生菌并激发科学界对藏药植物内生菌进行生物勘探的参考，并为其合理开发提供思路。©青藏高原综合科技与技术. Springer Nature或其权利许可方（例如学会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有者的出版协议独家享有本文的全部权利；作者自行存档接受的手稿版本完全受此类出版协议和适用法律的约束。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "Third Pole of the World," has a rich variety of medicinal plants that play an important role in the field of medicine due to its unique geographical environment. However, due to the limited resources of Tibetan medicinal plants and the fragility of the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, more and more Tibetan medicinal plants are on the verge of extinction. As a reservoir of biologically active metabolites, endophytes of medicinal plants produce a large number of compounds with potential applications in modern medicine (including antibacterial, immunosuppressive, antiviral, and anticancer) and are expected to be substitutes for Tibetan medicinal plants. This paper reviews 12 Tibetan medicinal plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, highlighting the diversity of their endophytes, the diversity of their metabolites and their applications. The results show that the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants are remarkably diverse, and the efficacy of their metabolites involves various aspects, such as antioxidant, anti-disease and anti-parasitic. In addition, conservation measures for the resources of Tibetan medicinal plants are summarised to provide a reference for an in-depth understanding of the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants and to stimulate the scientific community to bioprospect for the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants, as well as to provide ideas for their rational exploitation.© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.