在2013年，所有神经外科项目被要求采用7年制结构。我们试图描绘神经外科项目如何利用第七年培训（研究生年级7 [PGY7]）。我们对美国所有获得认可的神经外科项目进行调查，调查内容包括PGY7住院医师的主要职务以及附加的研究生奖学金的可获得性。我们汇总了每个项目中不同负责人的回答，包括主任、项目总监、项目协调员和现任首席医师。 在美国境内的120个认证神经外科住院医师项目中，有91个（76%）提交了回答。在这些项目中，PGY7的主要职务包括服务首席医师(COS，71%)，附加奖学金(EFF，18%)，实践过渡(10%)和选修时间(1%)。绝大多数神经外科住院医师项目已经实施了超过10年的7年制培训计划（52, 57%）。67个项目表示他们提供各种形式的EFF（73.6%）。最常见的EFF包括血管内治疗（57, 62.6%）、脊柱（49, 53.9%）、危重病护理（41, 45.1%）和功能（37, 40.7%）。这些也是由调查受访者列出的委员会高级专科培训的最常见专业。脊柱和血管内治疗EFF最有可能仅限于PGY7（24.2%和23.1%），其次是神经肿瘤（12, 13.2%）。作为委员会高级专科培训认证，但不限于PGY7的最常见EFF是血管内治疗（24, 26.4%）和危重病护理（23, 25.3%）。 大多数认证的神经外科培训项目以服务首席医师作为PGY7的主要职务。在PGY7结构较新的项目中，似乎更倾向于保持传统的首席医师职务。而已经更加成熟的项目则更愿意尝试不同的PGY7职务，包括附加奖学金和实践过渡年为主。大多数项目都提供一些形式的附加奖学金。这为今后神经外科培训的发展提供了依据。 版权所有 © 2023 年神经外科医师大会。保留所有权利。

In 2013, all neurosurgery programs were mandated to adopt a 7-year structure. We sought to characterize how programs use the seventh year of training (postgraduate year 7 [PGY7]).We surveyed all accredited neurosurgery programs in the United States regarding the PGY7 residents' primary role and the availability of enfolded fellowships. We compiled responses from different individuals in each program: chair, program director, program coordinator, and current chiefs.Of 120 accredited neurological surgery residency programs within the United States, 91 (76%) submitted responses. At these programs, the primary roles of the PGY7 were chief of service (COS, 71%), enfolded fellowships (EFF, 18%), transition to practice (10%), and elective time (1%). Most residencies have been 7-year programs for >10 years (52, 57%). Sixty-seven programs stated that they offer some form of EFF (73.6%). The most common EFFs were endovascular (57, 62.6%), spine (49, 53.9%), critical care (41, 45.1%), and functional (37, 40.7%). These were also the most common specialties listed as Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training accredited by survey respondents. Spine and endovascular EFFs were most likely to be restricted to PGY7 (24.2% and 23.1%, respectively), followed by neuro-oncology (12, 13.2%). The most common EFFs reported as Committee on Advanced Subspecialty Training accredited but not restricted to PGY7 were endovascular (24, 26.4%) and critical care (23, 25.3%).Most accredited neurological surgery training programs use the COS as the primary PGY7 role. Programs younger in their PGY7 structure seem to maintain the traditional COS role. Those more established seem to be experimenting with various roles the PGY7 year can fill, including enfolded fellowships and transition-to-practice years, predominantly. Most programs offer some form of enfolded fellowship. This serves as a basis for characterization of how neurological surgery training may develop in years to come.Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2023. All rights reserved.