钢铁工业排放是大气污染的主要源头。为研究钢铁工业空气污染物组成特征、估算次生转化潜力以及评估生态和人体健康风险，我们于2020年至2022年在中国长江三角洲地区进行了挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和微量金属（TMs）的现场测量。挥发性有机化合物（Σ64VOCs）的平均混合浓度为58.2 ppbv。烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃是主要成分。苯和乙烯是最丰富的VOCs物种。在臭氧季节中，计算得到的OH损失速率（LOH）和臭氧生成潜势（OFP）分别为10.87 S-1和181.74 ppbv，比非臭氧季节增加了39.54%和21.51%。此外，O3-VOCs-NOx敏感性表明臭氧生成处于以VOCs为限制因素的状态。总共10种微量金属（Σ10TMs）的平均浓度为226.8 ng m-3，锌、铅和锰是最丰富的微量金属物种。研究结果还发现硒的污染非常严重；铅和锌的污染程度为重度至极重度；铜、砷和镍的污染程度为中度至重度。针对终身癌症风险，儿童的累积致癌风险为1.84E-5，成年人为6.14E-5，工人为1.83E-5。个别化学物质的致癌风险不能忽视，特别是铬、镍、苯和1,3-丁二烯。工人和居民的危险指数分别为0.53和2.23，表明接触人群存在较高的非致癌风险。这些研究结果加深了对钢铁工业污染物特性的认识，并为中国长江三角洲地区臭氧污染治理和人体健康政策制定提供了理论支持。对于研究区域，我们建议利用高质量原煤、降低烧结燃料中挥发性碳氢化合物的含量，并在排气口安装吸收装置以处理高反应性VOC成分。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由Elsevier Inc.出版，保留所有权利。

Emissions from the iron and steel industry are a major source of air pollution. To investigate the composition characteristics, estimate the secondary transformation potential, and assess the ecological risk and human health risks of air pollutants from iron and steel industry, field measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and trace metals (TMs) were conducted simultaneously from 2020 to 2022 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. The average mixing concentration of VOCs (Σ64VOCs) was 58.2 ppbv. Alkanes, alkenes and aromatics were the major components. Benzene and ethylene were the most abundant VOC species. In the O3 season, the calculated OH loss rates (LOH) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were 10.87 S-1 and 181.74 ppbv, respectively, which increased 39.54% and 21.51% compared to the non-O3 season. Furthermore, the O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity indicated that O3 formation was under the VOCs-limited regime. The average concentration of total 10 trace metals (Σ10TMs) was 226.8 ng m-3, Zn, Pb and Mn were the top abundant TM species. The results also found that Se was extremely contaminated; Pb and Zn was heavily to extremely contaminated; Cu, As and Ni were moderately to heavily contaminated. For lifetime cancer risk, the cumulative carcinogenic risks were 1.84E-5 for children, 6.14E-5 for adults and 1.83E-5 for workers. The carcinogenic risks of individual chemicals cannot be ignored, especially for Cr, Ni, benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The hazard index values for workers and residents were 0.53 and 2.23, respectively, suggesting a high non-carcinogenic risks to the exposed population. These findings deepen the understanding of the pollutant character of the iron and steel industry, and provide theoretical support for policy development on O3 pollution treatment and human health in the YRD region, China. For the study area, we recommend utilizing high-quality raw coal, reducing the volatile hydrocarbon content in the sinter feed, and installing absorption device for highly reactive VOC components at the exhaust outlet.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.