结直肠癌发展的复杂机制与表观遗传修饰密切相关，由癌基因过表达和/或失活引起。组蛋白修饰酶催化组蛋白修饰，改变基因表达，对结直肠癌的发展和进展起到关键作用。目前，对组蛋白乙酰化、甲基化和磷酸化的研究较为频繁，其在结直肠癌发展中的机制更为清晰。本文详细阐述了组蛋白修饰在结直肠癌发展中的表观遗传学作用，并讨论了利用组蛋白修饰作为结直肠癌治疗的生物标志物和治疗靶点的最新进展。本综述旨在证明组蛋白修饰在结直肠癌中作为新的治疗靶点的重要作用，并为其提供的新型诊断和治疗选择提供深入见解。© 2023 伦敦大学学院（UCL）和约翰·威立出版有限公司。

The complex mechanism of colorectal cancer development is closely associated with epigenetic modifications and is caused by overexpression and/or inactivation of oncogenes. Histone modifying enzymes catalyze histone modifications to alter gene expression, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Currently, there is more frequent study on histone acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, and their mechanisms in colorectal cancer development are clearer. This article elaborates on the role of histone modification in epigenetics in colorectal cancer development and discusses recent advances in using it as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The review aims to demonstrate the significant role of histone modification as a new therapeutic target in colorectal cancer and provides insights into the novel diagnostic and therapeutic options it offers.© 2023 University College London (UCL) and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.