抗癌纳米药物已被证明在缓解化学治疗药物的副作用方面有效。然而，在增强其治疗效果方面仍存在挑战。对病理学上的肿瘤微环境（TME）进行响应性纳米药物的研究有望克服传统纳米药物的生物限制，增强治疗效果，并进一步减少副作用。本综述旨在定量评估TME中的各种病理异常，这些异常可以作为设计响应性纳米药物的独特内源性刺激，并提供对目前关于癌症治疗中响应性纳米药物的理解的广泛客观视角。我们剖析了癌症药物输送的典型过程和障碍，重点介绍了旨在应对典型药物输送过程中一系列障碍的响应性纳米药物的关键设计原则，并讨论了满足纳米药物所需特性的“一刀切”和“共同解决”战略。最后，我们对响应性纳米药物的临床转化面临的挑战和未来展望提供了见解。

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines responsive to the pathological abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are expected to overcome the biological limitations of conventional nanomedicines, enhance the therapeutic efficacies, and further reduce the side effects. This Review aims to quantitate the various pathological abnormalities in the TME, which may serve as unique endogenous stimuli for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, and to provide a broad and objective perspective on the current understanding of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We dissect the typical transport process and barriers of cancer drug delivery, highlight the key design principles of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines designed to tackle the series of barriers in the typical drug delivery process, and discuss the "all-into-one" and "one-for-all" strategies for integrating the needed properties for nanomedicines. Ultimately, we provide insight into the challenges and future perspectives toward the clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines.