为了评估正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/磁共振成像（MRI）生物标志物与子宫内膜癌患者生存结果的关联性，本前瞻性研究于2014年4月至2016年4月期间，招募了88例新诊断的子宫内膜癌患者，并进行了[18F]氟脱氧葡萄糖PET/MRI检查。其中，69例PET/MRI图像中可测量肿瘤的患者被纳入图像分析。图像生物标志物包括初级肿瘤的最小和平均表观扩散系数（ADCmin和ADCmean）、最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）、代谢性肿瘤体积（MTV）以及总病变葡萄糖代谢（TLG）。利用对数秩检验和Cox比例风险模型评估图像生物标志物与生存的关系。经过中位随访80个月后，15名（22%）患者出现肿瘤进展，6名（9%）患者死亡。ADCmin、ADCmean和SUVmax的结果与无进展生存期（PFS）和总生存期（OS）均没有显著关联。患有较大MTV（P < 0.001）和TLG（P < 0.001）的初级肿瘤患者的PFS显著较短。患有较大MTV（P = 0.048）和TLG（P = 0.034）的初级肿瘤患者的OS显著较短。在多变量分析中，MTV是PFS的独立预测因子（风险比 = 10.84，P = 0.033）。PET/MRI生物标志物，特别是MTV和TLG，与子宫内膜癌患者的PFS和OS有关。MTV是PFS的独立预测因子。版权所有 © 2023 The Association of University Radiologists. Elsevier Inc.出版，保留所有权利。

To evaluate the association between positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer.Between April 2014 and April 2016, 88 patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer participated this prospective study and underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI. Sixty-nine patients with measurable tumors on PET/MRI were included in the image analysis. Imaging biomarkers included the minimum and mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCmin and ADCmean), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumors. The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between imaging biomarkers and survival.After a median follow-up of 80 months, 15 (22%) patients had tumor progression and six (9%) patients died. The results of ADCmin, ADCmean, and SUVmax did not show a significant association with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Significantly shorter PFS was noted in patients with primary tumors with higher MTV (P < 0.001) and TLG (P < 0.001). Significantly shorter OS was also noted in patients with primary tumors with higher MTV (P = 0.048) and TLG (P = 0.034). In the multivariate analysis, MTV was an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio = 10.84, P = 0.033).PET/MRI biomarkers, particularly MTV and TLG, are associated with PFS and OS in patients with endometrial cancer. MTV was an independent predictor of PFS.Copyright © 2023 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.