育龄期间的癌症治疗可能会对生育能力产生负面影响，因此需要对生育相关困扰的患病率和预测因素有深入的了解。目的是检查最近接受癌症治疗的年轻女性和男性的人口样本中与生育相关的困扰，并确定这一结果的预测因素。这项全国性队列研究包括 1010 人（694 名女性和 316 名男性），平均年龄 34.5 岁。在瑞典，18-39 岁被诊断患有乳腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、脑肿瘤或淋巴瘤的患者分别为 ± 4.9 和 32.1± 5.5。参与者在诊断后 1.5 年完成了一项调查，以评估与生育相关的困扰 (RCAC)、情绪困扰 (HADS) 和自我效能，以及社会人口统计学和临床​​因素以及生育力保存。使用逻辑回归来检验解释因素与高生育相关困扰（RCAC 子量表平均值 >4）之间的关联。许多参与者（69% 的女性和 47% 的男性）以前有过孩子，大约一半的人报告希望未来有孩子。女性 (54%) 比男性 (27%) 更容易出现生育相关的高压力，并且在调整社会人口因素后，女性比男性更有可能报告除一个 RAC 维度之外的所有维度的压力。生育力保留的使用分布不均（女性为 15%，男性为 71%），并且与生育相关痛苦的减少无关。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，对未来孩子的愿望、单身、以前没有孩子、焦虑症状和对处理不孕威胁能力的低自我效能感与生育相关的高痛苦有关。这项全国性研究发现最近接受癌症治疗并确定了社会人口和心理预测因素的年轻女性和男性中，与生育相关的困扰的发生率很高。未发现生育力保存可以起到缓冲生育相关困扰的作用，这表明需要不断寻找缓解癌症后生育困扰的策略。

Cancer treatment during reproductive ages may negatively impact fertility and there is a need of firm knowledge about the prevalence and predictors of fertility-related distress. The aim was to examine fertility-related distress in a population-based sample of young women and men recently treated for cancer and to identify predictors for this outcome.This nationwide cohort study included 1010 individuals (694 women and 316 men), mean age 34.5 ± 4.9 and 32.1 ± 5.5, respectively, diagnosed with breast, cervical, ovarian, testicular cancers, brain tumors or lymphoma at ages 18-39 in Sweden. Participants completed a survey 1.5-year post-diagnosis to assess fertility-related distress (RCAC), emotional distress (HADS) and self-efficacy, as well as sociodemographic and clinical factors and fertility preservation. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between explanatory factors and high fertility-related distress (RCAC subscale mean >4).Many participants (69% of women and 47% of men) had previous children and about half reported a wish for future children. High fertility-related distress was more prevalent among women (54%) than men (27%), and women were more likely than men to report distress concerning all but one RCAC dimension after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Use of fertility preservation was unevenly distributed (15% of women and 71% of men) and was not associated with decreased fertility-related distress. In multivariable logistic regression models, a wish for future children, being single, not having previous children, symptoms of anxiety and low self-efficacy regarding one's ability to handle threats of infertility were associated with high fertility-related distress.This nationwide study found a high prevalence of fertility-related distress in young women and men recently treated for cancer and identified sociodemographic and psychological predictors. Fertility preservation was not found to act as a buffer against fertility-related distress, indicating the continuous need to identify strategies to alleviate fertility distress following cancer.