癌细胞会通过上调抑制性免疫检查点（ICP）蛋白来开发多种方法来抑制免疫系统。这些 ICP 使免疫效应细胞瘫痪，从而使肿瘤生长不受限制。阻断 ICP 的单克隆抗体 (mAb) 可以防止免疫衰竭。由于其卓越的功效，单克隆抗体彻底改变了癌症免疫治疗领域。然而，目前的 ICP 治疗方案存在与单克隆抗体全身给药相关的问题，包括免疫相关不良事件的发生、药代动力学较差、肿瘤可及性和免疫原性有限。这些缺点和对空间性的新见解促使人们探索新的单克隆抗体给药途径，例如瘤周递送。此外，还开发了适合新型递送技术的新型 ICP 药物类别，以规避单克隆抗体的缺点。因此，我们回顾了 ICP 药物的最先进和新颖的递送策略。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Cancer cells develop several ways to subdue the immune system among others via upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins. These ICPs paralyze immune effector cells and thereby enable unfettered tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block ICPs can prevent immune exhaustion. Due to their outstanding effects, mAbs revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, current ICP therapy regimens suffer from issues related to systemic administration of mAbs, including the onset of immune related adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor accessibility and immunogenicity. These drawbacks and new insights on spatiality prompted the exploration of novel administration routes for mAbs for instance peritumoral delivery. Moreover, novel ICP drug classes that are adept to novel delivery technologies were developed to circumvent the drawbacks of mAbs. We therefore review the state-of-the-art and novel delivery strategies of ICP drugs.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.