树突状细胞 (DC) 是专业的抗原呈递细胞，将先天性免疫与适应性免疫联系起来。 DC 在调节肿瘤引流淋巴结 (TDLN) 和肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中的抗肿瘤 T 细胞反应中发挥核心作用。它们通过免疫检查点蛋白 (ICP) 调节效应 T 细胞反应，这些蛋白可以是刺激性的，也可以是抑制性的。 DC 的功能经常受到抑制性 TME 的损害，导致肿瘤免疫逃逸。因此，更好地了解（肿瘤浸润）DC 表达的 ICP 的作用机制将带来潜在的新治疗策略。基因操作和高维分析提供了关于 ICP 靶向后 TDLN 和 TME 中 DC 和 T 细胞之间相互作用的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了（肿瘤浸润）DC 谱系细胞和肿瘤组织特异性“成熟”DC 状态及其与抗肿瘤免疫相关的基因特征。我们还回顾了 DC 表达的许多 ICP，了解它们在吞噬作用、DC 激活或抑制中的功能，并概述了其在癌症免疫治疗临床试验中的地位或前景。总的来说，我们强调 DC 的关键作用及其在 TME 中对于诱导和传播癌症 T 细胞免疫的确切地位。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells which link innate to adaptive immunity. DC play a central role in regulating antitumor T-cell responses in both tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). They modulate effector T-cell responses via immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) that can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. Functions of DC are often impaired by the suppressive TME leading to tumor immune escape. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of ICPs expressed by (tumor-infiltrating) DC will lead to potential new treatment strategies. Genetic manipulation and high-dimensional analyses have provided insight in the interactions between DC and T-cells in TDLN and the TME upon ICP targeting. In this review, we discuss (tumor-infiltrating) DC lineage cells and tumor tissue specific "mature" DC states and their gene signatures in relation to anti-tumor immunity. We also review a number of ICPs expressed by DC regarding their functions in phagocytosis, DC activation, or inhibition and outline position in, or promise for clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy. Collectively, we highlight the critical role of DC and their exact status in the TME for the induction and propagation of T-cell immunity to cancer.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.