免疫检查点（IC）在维持免疫稳态中发挥着核心作用。肿瘤利用这种生理机制来避免被免疫系统消除的发现，为 IC 治疗靶向作为治疗癌症的新方法开辟了途径。然而，这种疗法会产生一系列新的自身免疫副作用，称为免疫相关不良事件 (irAE)。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们首先概述了已批准的癌症免疫治疗靶点 IC（CTLA-4、PD-(L)1 和 LAG-3）的生理功能，作为批判性讨论当前 irAE 知识的基础。具体来说，我们总结了临床方面并检查了 irAE 的分子分类和诱发因素。最后，我们讨论 irAE 治疗，特别强调分子知识如何改变当前的治疗范式。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Immune checkpoints (ICs) play a central role in maintaining immune homoeostasis. The discovery that tumours use this physiological mechanism to avoid elimination by the immune system, opened up avenues for therapeutic targeting of ICs as a novel way of treating cancer. However, this therapy a new array of autoimmune side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In this narrative review, we first recapitulate the physiological function of ICs that are approved targets for cancer immunotherapy (CTLA-4, PD-(L)1 and LAG-3), as the groundwork to critically discuss current knowledge on irAEs. Specifically, we summarize clinical aspects and examine a molecular classification and predisposing factors of irAEs. Finally, we discuss irAE treatment, particularly emphasizing how molecular knowledge is changing the current treatment paradigm.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.