免疫检查点疗法显着推进了癌症治疗。然而，与这些疗法相关的高成本和潜在的副作用突出表明需要更好的预测性生物标志物来识别最有可能从治疗中受益的患者。不幸的是，现有的生物标志物不足以识别此类患者。新的高维空间技术已成为通过以单细胞分辨率分析组织样本中的多个蛋白质标记物来发现新型生物标记物的有价值的工具。这些技术提供了更全面的肿瘤微环境中组织组成、细胞功能以及不同细胞类型之间相互作用的图谱。在这篇综述中，我们概述了基于空间蛋白质的多重技术如何推动生物标志物的发现并推动免疫治疗领域的发展。特别是，我们将重点关注这些技术如何有助于（i）表征肿瘤微环境，（ii）了解肿瘤异质性的作用，（iii）研究免疫微环境与肿瘤进展的相互作用，（iv）发现肿瘤的生物标志物免疫检查点疗法 (v) 提出了新的治疗策略。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Immune checkpoint therapies have significantly advanced cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the high costs and potential adverse effects associated with these therapies highlight the need for better predictive biomarkers to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment. Unfortunately, the existing biomarkers are insufficient to identify such patients. New high-dimensional spatial technologies have emerged as a valuable tool for discovering novel biomarkers by analysing multiple protein markers at a single-cell resolution in tissue samples. These technologies provide a more comprehensive map of tissue composition, cell functionality, and interactions between different cell types in the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of how spatial protein-based multiplexing technologies have fuelled biomarker discovery and advanced the field of immunotherapy. In particular, we will focus on how these technologies contributed to (i) characterise the tumour microenvironment, (ii) understand the role of tumour heterogeneity, (iii) study the interplay of the immune microenvironment and tumour progression, (iv) discover biomarkers for immune checkpoint therapies (v) suggest novel therapeutic strategies.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.