自抗癌免疫疗法出现以来，免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 的临床使用呈指数级增长。靶向 CTLA-4 和 PD-1/PD-L1 相互作用的单克隆抗体首次用于治疗不可切除的黑色素瘤患者。在黑色素瘤中，ICI 导致大量患者持久消退，因此已被临床批准作为晚期疾病的一线治疗方法。在过去的几年里，越来越多的监管机构批准在患有多种不同癌症的患者中使用 ICI。令人惊讶的是，回顾过去，人们发现特别成功的化疗能够引发抗癌免疫反应，因为它们诱导免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD），从而以引发针对肿瘤相关抗原的免疫反应的方式杀死癌细胞。从逻辑上讲，临床前研究和临床试验目前正在探索将ICD诱导剂与ICI结合以获得最佳治疗效果的可能性。在此，我们对当前在抗癌治疗中实施组合方法（包括 ICD 诱导和 ICI）的策略进行了全面概述。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Since the dawn of anticancer immunotherapy, the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has increased exponentially. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction were first introduced for the treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma. In melanoma, ICI lead to durable regression in a significant number of patients and have thus been clinically approved as a first-line treatment of advanced disease. Over the past years an increasing number of regulatory approvals have been granted for the use of ICI in patients affected by a large range of distinct carcinomas. In retrospect surprisingly, it has been discovered that particularly successful chemotherapeutic treatments are able to trigger anticancer immune responses because they induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), hence killing cancer cells in a way that they elicit an immune response against tumor-associated antigens. Logically, preclinical studies as well as clinical trials are currently exploring the possibility to combine ICD inducers with ICI to obtain optimal therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a broad overview of current strategies for the implementation of combinatorial approaches involving ICD induction followed by ICI in anticancer therapy.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.