通过各种泛癌研究，MDM2 已被确立为一种生物标志物，表明接受免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 治疗不同恶性肿瘤的个体预后不良。具体来说，MDM2 扩增的患者在抗癌免疫治疗后很容易发展为过度进展性疾病 (HPD)，从而对生存率产生明显的有害影响。 MDM2的机制涉及其在恶性肿瘤发生过程中作为癌基因的作用，并且MDM2可以促进转移和肿瘤细胞增殖，从而间接导致疾病进展。此外，MDM2在改变肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）以及影响免疫细胞方面发挥着重要作用，最终促进免疫逃避和耐受。令人鼓舞的是，各种 MDM2 抑制剂已显示出缓解 MDM2 引起的 TIME 抑制的功效。这些结果证明了使用 MDM2 抑制剂和抗癌免疫疗法联合治疗取得突破的前景。© 2024。作者。

MDM2 has been established as a biomarker indicating poor prognosis for individuals undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for different malignancies by various pancancer studies. Specifically, patients who have MDM2 amplification are vulnerable to the development of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) following anticancer immunotherapy, resulting in marked deleterious effects on survival rates. The mechanism of MDM2 involves its role as an oncogene during the development of malignancy, and MDM2 can promote both metastasis and tumor cell proliferation, which indirectly leads to disease progression. Moreover, MDM2 is vitally involved in modifying the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) as well as in influencing immune cells, eventually facilitating immune evasion and tolerance. Encouragingly, various MDM2 inhibitors have exhibited efficacy in relieving the TIME suppression caused by MDM2. These results demonstrate the prospects for breakthroughs in combination therapy using MDM2 inhibitors and anticancer immunotherapy.© 2024. The Author(s).