生物多样性与癌症及心血管死亡率的地理关系：39种不同疾病的分析

Geographical association of biodiversity with cancer and cardiovascular mortality rates: analysis of 39 distinct conditions

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FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH

影响因子:3.4

分区:医学3区 / 公共卫生3区

发表日期:2024

作者: Qiaochu Xu, Bingjie Qu, Li Li, Ying Chen

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368017

摘要

生物多样性被认为是促进人体健康与福祉的积极因素。心血管疾病和癌症是全球最重要的健康负担，理解它们与生物多样性的关系是推动生物多样性保护和改善人类健康的重要一步。鸟类的物种丰富度是衡量生物多样性的常用指标，因其种类繁多、分布特色明显且对环境干扰极为敏感。本生态研究利用来自eBird数据库的鸟类观察数据、国际健康指标与评估（IHME）的人类健康数据，以及2014年各县的人口特征、社会经济、医疗服务、居住环境以及地理和气候特征统计数据。我们旨在深入探讨生物多样性（即鸟类物种丰富度）与不同癌症（29种疾病）和心血管疾病（10种疾病）在美国的年龄标准化特定原因死亡率之间的关系。调整多种社会人口和地理因素的多元回归分析显示，鸟类物种丰富度的增加与三种最常见癌症的死亡率降低有关，即气管、支气管和肺癌、乳腺癌（仅女性）以及结肠和直肠癌。对于心血管疾病，缺血性心脏病和脑血管疾病这两大死亡常因也呈现类似关系。本研究提供了关于生物多样性对人类健康有益作用的更详细证据。

Abstract

Biodiversity has been recognized as a positive contributor to human health and wellbeing. Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two most significant global health burdens, and understanding their relationship with biodiversity forms an essential step toward promoting biodiversity conservation and human health.The species richness of birds is a common indicator of biodiversity, given their vast numbers, distinctive distribution, and acute sensitivity to environmental disturbances. This ecological study utilized avian observation data derived from the eBird database, human health data from the International Health Metrics and Evaluation, and county-level statistics, including population characteristics, socio-economics, healthcare service, residential environment, and geographic and climatic characteristics in 2014. We aimed to extensively explore the individual associations between biodiversity (i.e., avian species richness) and age-standardized cause-specific mortalities for different types of cancers (29 conditions) and cardiovascular diseases (10 conditions) across the United States (US).Our multiple regression analyses that adjusted for a variety of socio-demographic and geographical factors showed that increased rarefied species richness of birds was associated with reduced mortality rates for three of the five most common cancers, namely, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, breast cancer (in women only), and colon and rectal cancer. For cardiovascular conditions, a similar relationship was observed for ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease-the two most frequent causes of mortality. This study provided extended details regarding the beneficial effects of biodiversity on human health.