近几十年来，患有先天性异常和小儿癌症的儿童的生存率显着提高，因此人们对他们的终生健康结果的了解不断发生转变。小儿外科医生将积极处理儿童和青少年时期的此类情况，然而，成年外科医生必须在成年后照顾这些“成年人”。本文旨在强调儿科外科医生遇到的一些需要长期随访的罕见疾病、他们在儿童时期的管理及其对生存的影响，以便成年专家可以更好地配备技能和知识来管理这些患者成年期。进行了全面的文献综述以确定相关出版物。寻求研究、评论文章和指南，重点关注儿科管理和儿童手术条件的长期结果。本文是为成人外科医生读者撰写的。本文介绍了上述病症、儿童时期的治疗及其终生影响，包括：食管闭锁、气管食管瘘、旋转不良、短肠综合征、十二指肠闭锁、腹裂、脐外翻、胆总管畸形、胆道闭锁、先天性巨结肠症、肛门直肠畸形、先天性膈疝、先天性肺部病变和小儿癌症。受手术条件影响的儿童的生存率不断增加，这将导致患有终身疾病和需要专业医疗保健的成年人口不断增加。人们逐渐认识到从童年到成年过渡的重要性。希望这篇及时的评论能够激发读者为这些弱势患者提供护理，并与儿科外科医生合作提供成功、无缝的过渡护理。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表 BJS 出版基金会有限公司

In recent decades, the survival of children with congenital anomalies and paediatric cancer has improved dramatically such that there has been a steady shift towards understanding their lifelong health outcomes. Paediatric surgeons will actively manage such conditions in childhood and adolescence, however, adult surgeons must later care for these 'grown-ups' in adulthood. This article aims to highlight some of those rare disorders encountered by paediatric surgeons requiring long-term follow-up, their management in childhood and their survivorship impact, in order that the adult specialist may be better equipped with skills and knowledge to manage these patients into adulthood.A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify relevant publications. Research studies, review articles and guidelines were sought, focusing on the paediatric management and long-term outcomes of surgical conditions of childhood. The article has been written for adult surgeon readership.This article describes the aforementioned conditions, their management in childhood and their lifelong implications, including: oesophageal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, malrotation, short bowel syndrome, duodenal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, choledochal malformations, biliary atresia, Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lung lesions and paediatric cancer.The increasing survivorship of children affected by surgical conditions will translate into a growing population of adults with lifelong conditions and specialist healthcare needs. The importance of transition from childhood to adulthood is becoming realized. It is hoped that this timely review will enthuse the readership to offer care for such vulnerable patients, and to collaborate with paediatric surgeons in providing successful and seamless transitional care.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Foundation Ltd.