肠道与远端器官（例如大脑或心血管系统）之间的通讯已得到很好的建立，最近的研究为潜在的双向肠道-气道轴提供了证据。动物和人类研究的观察结果表明，呼吸道损伤会影响肠道微生物组的活性，而肠道微生物组产生的微生物配体和代谢产物会影响呼吸道免疫。这两个大的粘膜表面区域之间的信息交换调节微生物-免疫相互作用，对一系列呼吸系统疾病（包括哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺癌）的临床和治疗结果具有重大影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了该领域的最新数据，深入了解跨空间和时间梯度的肠道气道串扰机制及其与呼吸健康的相关性。© 2024。Springer Nature Limited。

Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.