黑色素细胞干细胞 (MSC) 是源自神经嵴的黑色素细胞谱系特异性皮肤干细胞，可在哺乳动物毛囊、表皮或汗腺中观察到。间充质干细胞分化为成熟的产生黑色素的黑素细胞，赋予皮肤和毛发色素沉着并维持重要的皮肤功能。在控制和协调皮肤组织的稳态、修复和再生方面，间充质干细胞发挥着至关重要的作用。间充质干细胞数量减少或功能受损与许多皮肤病的发生和治疗密切相关，例如头发变白、白癜风、伤口愈合和黑色素瘤。随着干细胞技术的进步，间充质干细胞的相关特性得到进一步阐述。在这篇综述中，我们对皮肤间充质干细胞进行了详尽的概述，并重点介绍了间充质干细胞研究的最新进展。更好地了解间充质干细胞的生物学特性和微环境调节机制将有助于提高其在再生医学、皮肤色素沉着疾病和癌症治疗中的临床应用。要点：本综述对皮肤间充质干细胞的起源、生物学特性、稳态维持和治疗潜力进行了简要总结。讨论了间充质干细胞在皮肤色素沉着疾病中的作用和潜在应用价值。强调了单细胞 RNA 测序、CRISPR-Cas9 技术和实用模型在 MSC 研究中的重要性。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《临床与转化医学》

Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage-specific skin stem cells derived from the neural crest, are observed in the mammalian hair follicle, the epidermis or the sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin-producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro-environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy. KEY POINTS: This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs. The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed. The significance of single-cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is highlighted.© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.