本文检测了俄罗斯最大城市之一乌法（乌法）城区土壤覆盖中 9 种重金属（汞、铅、锌、铬、钴、镍、铜、钡和钒）和砷的浓度。巴什科尔托斯坦共和国）。将其与世界各地城市化地区表层土壤浓度的汇总数据进行比较。对于超过城市土壤平均背景值的元素（Cr、Ni、Cu和Co），城市土壤中的平均浓度分别为346、101、51和18 ppm。利用富集因子 (EF)、地累积指数 (Igeo) 和浓度系数 (CC)，Cr 和 Ni 被确定为因人为污染而进入土壤覆盖层的元素。尽管该市大部分地区的土壤富集和污染水平属于中等水平，但也有一些地点具有临界阈值。根据污染负荷指数（PLI）和生态风险因子（Er）计算结果进行重金属分布空间分析，并以图形方式呈现结果，对需要特别关注的地点进行具体详细的描述。聚类分析的使用允许将化学元素样本分成具有可能相似的进入环境的来源的组。风险计算的蒙特卡罗模型显示，该市大部分地区成人和儿童的非癌症风险可以忽略不计。虽然在城市中没有大型工业工厂的住宅区，儿童接触铬的情况令人担忧，但砷对城市南部的癌症风险构成了威胁，其浓度升高，并且在工厂附近的其他重金属也构成了威胁。炼油厂。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

The article examines the concentration of 9 heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ba and V) and As in the soil cover of the urban area in one of the largest cities in Russia, Ufa (the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is compared with aggregated data of concentrations on urbanized areas in surface soils throughout the world. For elements exceeding the average background values in soils of the urban area (Cr, Ni, Cu and Co), the average concentrations in the city soils were 346, 101, 51 and 18 ppm, respectively. Using enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and concentration coefficients (CC), Cr and Ni were identified as elements entering the soil cover as a result of anthropogenic pollution. Although the level of their enrichment and contamination of soils in the most territory of the city corresponds to the moderate class, there are sites with critical threshold values. Spatial analysis of heavy metals distribution was carried out based on the results of pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk factor (Er) calculations with the use of graphical presentation of results, which allowed specific and detailed description of sites calling for special attention. The use of cluster analysis allowed dividing the sample of chemical elements into groups with probably similar sources of entry into the environment. Monte Carlo modeling of risk calculation showed negligible non-cancer risks for both adult and child populations in most of the city. While children's exposure to Cr was of concern in the more residential part of the city, free of large industrial plants, As posed a threat with respect to cancer risks in the southern part of the city, with elevated concentrations and other HMs in vicinity of the oil refineries.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.