脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种以完全或不完全运动和感觉障碍以及自主神经系统功能障碍为特征的疾病，由创伤、肿瘤或炎症等因素引起。目前的治疗方法主要包括椎管减压内固定手术、类固醇脉冲疗法等传统方法，以及干细胞移植、脑脊髓接口等新技术。然而，上述方法在促进轴突和神经元再生方面效果有限。当今医学研究的挑战在于促进脊髓神经元再生和调节脊髓被破坏的微环境。研究表明，气体分子疗法越来越多地应用于医学研究，硫化氢、一氧化氮、一氧化碳、氧气和氢气等气体递质在中枢神经系统疾病中表现出神经保护作用。气体分子通过调节氧化、炎症和凋亡过程来防止神经元死亡并重塑脊髓损伤的微环境。目前气体疗法主要依靠吸入进行全身给药，不能有效地富集和释放脊髓损伤区域的气体，难以达到预期的效果。随着纳米技术的快速发展，利用纳米载体实现损伤部位气体的靶向富集和精确控制释放已成为SCI新兴研究方向之一。它在临床前研究中显示出良好的治疗效果，有望为SCI的治疗带来新的希望和机遇。在这篇综述中，我们将简要概述气体递质和纳米气体在治疗 SCI 中的治疗效果和研究进展。© 2024。作者。

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a condition characterized by complete or incomplete motor and sensory impairment, as well as dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, caused by factors such as trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Current treatment methods primarily include traditional approaches like spinal canal decompression and internal fixation surgery, steroid pulse therapy, as well as newer techniques such as stem cell transplantation and brain-spinal cord interfaces. However, the above methods have limited efficacy in promoting axonal and neuronal regeneration. The challenge in medical research today lies in promoting spinal cord neuron regeneration and regulating the disrupted microenvironment of the spinal cord. Studies have shown that gas molecular therapy is increasingly used in medical research, with gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and hydrogen exhibiting neuroprotective effects in central nervous system diseases. The gas molecular protect against neuronal death and reshape the microenvironment of spinal cord injuries by regulating oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic processes. At present, gas therapy mainly relies on inhalation for systemic administration, which cannot effectively enrich and release gas in the spinal cord injury area, making it difficult to achieve the expected effects. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of nanocarriers to achieve targeted enrichment and precise control release of gas at Sites of injury has become one of the emerging research directions in SCI. It has shown promising therapeutic effects in preclinical studies and is expected to bring new hope and opportunities for the treatment of SCI. In this review, we will briefly outline the therapeutic effects and research progress of gasotransmitters and nanogas in the treatment of SCI.© 2024. The Author(s).