甲鞘癌的特征是起源于甲床上皮的缓慢进展的恶性肿瘤。英文文献中记载的案例数量有限。报告中包括的大多数患者都接受了受影响指骨的截肢，并且在随访期间没有发现复发情况。一名 61 岁的中国男性因右大脚趾甲床持续性溃疡就诊。显微镜分析表明存在上皮肿瘤，由具有突然中央角化的小角化囊肿和缺乏颗粒层的非典型角化细胞巢组成。肿瘤在真皮内呈现浸润性生长，呈多叶状，但未延伸至远端指骨。基于这些发现，该病例被诊断为甲鞘癌。所有记录的病例表明甲鞘癌是一种罕见的起源于甲床上皮的恶性肿瘤，其临床进展通常缓慢且非侵袭性。本病例旨在分析甲鞘癌的临床和病理特征，旨在协助临床选择治疗方案。© 2024 作者。

Onycholemmal carcinoma is characterized as a slowly progressing malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nail bed. A limited number of cases have been documented in the English literature. The majority of the patients included in the reports underwent amputation of the affected phalanx, and no instances of recurrence were noted during the follow-up period. A 61-year-old Chinese male presented with a persistent ulceration on the nail bed of the right great toe. Microscopic analysis indicated the presence of an epithelial tumor consisting of small keratocysts with sudden central keratinization and atypical keratinocyte nests that were devoid of a granular layer. The tumor exhibited infiltrative growth within the dermis, displaying a multilobulated pattern, but did not extend into the distal phalangeal bone. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of onycholemmal carcinoma was made for this case. All documented cases indicate that onycholemmal carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from the nail bed epithelium, and its clinical progression is typically slow and non-aggressive. This case is presented to provide an analysis of the clinical and pathological features of onycholemmal carcinoma, aiming to assist in the clinical selection of treatment options.© 2024 The Author(s).