本研究旨在确定 HIV 感染者 (PWH) 中隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染 (OBI) 的动力学。该研究使用了纵向 HIV 自然史研究中存档的血浆样本。我们确定了新的 OBI 病例，并使用 Cox 比例风险回归分析评估了 OBI 的危险因素。在基线时，382 个 [(2.1%) (95% CI: 1.06-4.1)] 样本中的 8 个样本乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 检测呈阳性。在 374 份 HBsAg 阴性样本中，76 份有足够的样本量进行 HBV DNA 筛查。 76 名 [14.7 95% CI (8.3-24.1)] HBsAg 阴性 (HBsAg-) 参与者中有 11 名报告基线时 OBI 阳性 (OBI )。基线 HBsAg 阴性样本和足够的随访样本 (n = 90) 用于分析新发现的 OBI 病例。参与者为该研究贡献了 129.74 人年，随访时间中位数为 1.02 年（IQR：1.00-2.00）。 90 名参与者中累计发现 34 例新发现的 OBI 病例，比率为 26.2/100 人年（95% CI：18.7-36.7）。新发现的 OBI 病例在男性中比女性更常见（61.1% 对 31.9%），并且在 CD4 T 细胞计数≤450 个细胞/mL 的参与者中更常见（p 值 = 0.02）。大多数新发现的 OBI 病例 [55.9% (19/34)] 可能是再激活，因为他们之前的 HBV 核心抗体呈阳性。在博茨瓦纳的年轻 PWH 中，新发现的 OBI 发生率很高，尤其是男性和患有以下疾病的参与者降低 CD4 T 细胞计数。由于存在传播风险、可能的再激活以及发展为慢性肝病（包括肝细胞癌）的危险因素，因此应考虑对感染者进行 OBI 筛查。版权所有 © 2024 Anderson、Phinius、Phakedi、Mudanga、Bhebhe、Tlhabano、Motshosi、Ratsoma 、 Baruti、Mpebe、Choga、Marlink、Glebe、Blackard、Moyo、Kramvis 和 Gaseitsiwe。

This study aimed to determine the kinetics of occult hepatitis B virus infections (OBI) among people with HIV (PWH).The study used archived plasma samples from longitudinal HIV natural history studies. We identified new OBI cases and assessed risk factors for OBI using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.At baseline, 8 of 382 [(2.1%) (95% CI: 1.06-4.1)] samples tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg+). Of the 374 HBsAg-negative samples, 76 had sufficient sample volume for HBV DNA screening. OBI positivity (OBI+) at baseline was reported in 11 of 76 [14.7 95% CI (8.3-24.1)] HBsAg-negative (HBsAg-) participants. Baseline HBsAg-negative samples with sufficient follow-up samples (n = 90) were used for analysis of newly identified OBI cases. Participants contributed 129.74 person-years to the study and were followed for a median of 1.02 years (IQR: 1.00-2.00). Cumulatively, there were 34 newly identified OBI cases from the 90 participants, at the rate of 26.2/100 person-years (95% CI: 18.7-36.7). Newly identified OBI cases were more common among men than women (61.1% vs. 31.9%) and among participants with CD4+ T-cell counts ≤450 cells/mL (p-value = 0.02). Most of the newly identified OBI cases [55.9% (19/34)] were possible reactivations as they were previously HBV core antibody positive.There was a high rate of newly identified OBI among young PWH in Botswana, especially in men and in participants with lower CD4+ T-cell counts. OBI screening in PWH should be considered because of the risk of transmission, possible reactivation, and risk factors for the development of chronic liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma.Copyright © 2024 Anderson, Phinius, Phakedi, Mudanga, Bhebhe, Tlhabano, Motshosi, Ratsoma, Baruti, Mpebe, Choga, Marlink, Glebe, Blackard, Moyo, Kramvis and Gaseitsiwe.