尽管癌症治疗取得了重大进展，但癌症仍然是全世界死亡的主要原因之一。由于化疗和放疗作为常见的癌症治疗的有害后果而出现了许多困难，例如药物无法穿透深层肿瘤组织，而且肿瘤细胞的耐药性仍然是一个主要问题。这些障碍增加了开发对癌细胞更具选择性和更有效的新技术的需求。与其他癌症药物相比，基于细菌的疗法和使用溶瘤病毒可以抑制癌症。肿瘤微环境容易受到细菌积累和增殖的影响，从而引发针对肿瘤的免疫反应。近年来，溶瘤病毒（OV）也因其选择性靶向和诱导癌细胞凋亡的潜在能力而受到广泛关注。本综述旨在全面总结关于细菌和病毒在癌症治疗中作用的最新文献，讨论其局限性和挑战，概述各种策略，总结最近的临床前和临床试验，并强调优化当前策略以更好地治疗癌症的重要性。临床结果。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide despite significant advancements in cancer treatment. Many difficulties have arisen as a result of the detrimental consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a common cancer therapy, such as drug inability to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and also the drug resistance in tumor cells continues to be a major concern. These obstacles have increased the need for the development of new techniques that are more selective and effective against cancer cells. Bacterial-based therapies and the use of oncolytic viruses can suppress cancer in comparison to other cancer medications. The tumor microenvironment is susceptible to bacterial accumulation and proliferation, which can trigger immune responses against the tumor. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have also gained considerable attention in recent years because of their potential capability to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest literature on the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, discusses the limitations and challenges, outlines various strategies, summarizes recent preclinical and clinical trials, and emphasizes the importance of optimizing current strategies for better clinical outcomes.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.