本系统综述的目的是研究全谷物燕麦和大麦或其分离部分对免疫和炎症功能的影响，以及它们对肠道微生物群的影响。根据 PRISMA 指南进行了结构化文献检索。随机对照试验 (RCT) 研究了成人食用燕麦或大麦的影响，并报告了以下各项中的 ≥ 1 项：C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF-α)、白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)包括IL-2、IL-8、IL-18、脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）或肠道微生物群相关结果。共纳入16项RCT，其中6项研究招募了代谢高危人群，包括个体患有超重和肥胖、代谢综合征或高胆固醇血症。此外，3 项试验涉及年轻健康人群，5 项试验针对老年人（50 岁以上），2 项研究涵盖患有其他疾病状态的人群。共有 1091 人参与了短期（最多 14 天）和长期（超过 14 天，最多 90 天）补充燕麦或大麦产品的评估。 9 项研究测量了炎症生物标志物，其中 5 项报告显着减少，特别是在长期研究中。值得注意的是，在健康个体中没有发现抗炎益处的证据，而涉及代谢高危人群的研究表明有希望减少炎症。 13 项研究测量了燕麦和大麦食品对肠道微生物群的影响，共同表明燕麦和大麦食品可以影响肠道微生物群的组成，在某些情况下与代谢改善有关。食用燕麦和大麦可能会给代谢高危人群带来抗炎作用，并影响肠道微生物群的结果。然而，在健康个体中没有观察到抗炎作用。本次系统评价的结果表明，由于试验有限以及干预措施和健康状况存在差异，因此在解释研究结果时需谨慎。© 2024。作者。

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of whole grain Avena sativa and Hordeum vulgare L., or their isolated fractions, on immune and inflammatory functions, as well as their influence on gut microbiota. A structured literature search was undertaken in line with PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of oats or barley consumption in adults and reported ≥ 1 of the following: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, IL-8, IL-18, lipopolysacharide binding protein (LBP) or gut microbiota-related outcomes, were included.A total of 16 RCTs were included, among which 6 studies recruited metabolically at-risk population, including individuals with overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome or hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, 3 trials involved young healthy population, 5 trials targeted older individuals (aged over 50 years), and 2 studies encompassed populations with other disease states. A total of 1091 individuals were included in the evaluation of short-term (up to 14 days) and long-term (beyond 14 days, up to 90 days) supplementation with oats or barley-based products. 9 studies measured inflammatory biomarkers and 5 of them reported significant reductions, specifically in long-term studies. Notably, no evidence of anti-inflammatory benefits was found in healthy individuals, whereas studies involving metabolically at-risk populations showed promising reductions in inflammation. 13 studies measured the impact on gut microbiota, and collectively suggest that oats and barley food products can influence the composition of gut microbiota, associated in some cases with metabolic improvements. Oats and barley consumption may confer anti-inflammatory effects in metabolically at-risk populations and influence gut microbiota outcomes. However, no anti-inflammatory benefits were observed in healthy individuals. Results from this systematic review suggests caution in interpreting findings due to limited trials and variations in interventions and health conditions.© 2024. The Author(s).