细胞间线粒体转移 (MT) 是一种新发现的细胞间信号传导形式，涉及健康线粒体主动掺入受应激/受伤的受体细胞，有助于恢复生物能特征和细胞活力、减少炎症过程和正常化。钙动力学。最近的证据表明，MT 可以通过多种细胞结构和机制发生：隧道纳米管 (TNT)、间隙连接 (GJ)、细胞外囊泡 (EV) 介导和其他机制（细胞融合、线粒体挤出和迁移体介导的有丝分裂）以及在不同的情况下，例如在生理条件下（组织稳态和干性维持）和病理条件下（缺氧、炎症和癌症）。近年来，间质基质/干细胞（MSC）介导的MT已成为细胞和组织再生和损伤修复的关键调节和恢复机制，其在干细胞治疗中的潜力受到越来越多的关注。特别是，多篇文章报道了 MSC 的潜在治疗作用，表明 MSC 可以通过 MT 和膜囊泡释放来增强损伤后的组织修复。基于这些原因，在这篇综述中，我们将讨论间充质干细胞介导的MT的不同机制以及对神经元、缺血、血管和肺部疾病等不同疾病的治疗效果。因此，了解 MT 的分子和细胞机制并证明其功效可能是一个重要的里程碑，为未来的临床试验奠定基础。© 2024。作者。

Intercellular mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a newly discovered form of cell-to-cell signalling involving the active incorporation of healthy mitochondria into stressed/injured recipient cells, contributing to the restoration of bioenergetic profile and cell viability, reduction of inflammatory processes and normalisation of calcium dynamics. Recent evidence has shown that MT can occur through multiple cellular structures and mechanisms: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), via gap junctions (GJs), mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other mechanisms (cell fusion, mitochondrial extrusion and migrasome-mediated mitocytosis) and in different contexts, such as under physiological (tissue homeostasis and stemness maintenance) and pathological conditions (hypoxia, inflammation and cancer). As Mesenchimal Stromal/ Stem Cells (MSC)-mediated MT has emerged as a critical regulatory and restorative mechanism for cell and tissue regeneration and damage repair in recent years, its potential in stem cell therapy has received increasing attention. In particular, the potential therapeutic role of MSCs has been reported in several articles, suggesting that MSCs can enhance tissue repair after injury via MT and membrane vesicle release. For these reasons, in this review, we will discuss the different mechanisms of MSCs-mediated MT and therapeutic effects on different diseases such as neuronal, ischaemic, vascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MT and demonstrating its efficacy could be an important milestone that lays the foundation for future clinical trials.© 2024. The Author(s).