这项工作描述了对正常肾和肾细胞癌的血管树和灌注特征的全面研究。方法：对肾切除标本进行离体灌注，通过灌注放射性微球测定局部血流量。血管结构的特征是微粉化硫酸钡输注。随后对肾脏进行矢状切片，并获得放射自显影图以显示与邻近接触式 X 射线血管造影相关的灌注液流量。对确定的组织区室中的血管阻力进行量化，最后通过微型 CT 技术对肿瘤脉管系统进行 3D 重建。结果表明，肾脏的血管树可以清晰地界定，放射自显影图显示了高皮质血流。整个灌注标本的外周阻力单位为0.78±0.40（n = 26），而肾皮质的外周阻力单位为0.17±0.07（n = 15，114个样本）。皮质和髓质的显微 CT 图像定义了血管结构。肾肿瘤的血管造影显示不同肿瘤内部和之间存在显着的血管异质性。肿瘤周围区域具有致密且不规则的毛细血管网络，而肿瘤的中心部分血管化程度较低。尽管存在密集的毛细血管，但在放射自显影照片上仍观察到直径低于 15 µm 的血管的灌注较低。我们的结论是，微粉化硫酸钡输注可用于展示复杂器官中的血管结构。正常肾脏的血管阻力较低，皮质变化很小。肿瘤组织表现出相当大的血管结构异质性，通过外周营养性毛细血管的灌注较低，而中心肿瘤的灌注非常差，表明肿瘤内压力超过了灌注压。讨论了所使用的各种技术的优点和缺点。

This work describes a comprehensive study of the vascular tree and perfusion characteristics of normal kidney and renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Nephrectomy specimens were perfused ex-vivo, and the regional blood flow was determined by infusion of radioactive microspheres. The vascular architecture was characterized by micronized barium sulphate infusion. Kidneys were subsequently sagitally sectioned, and autoradiograms were obtained to show the perfusate flow in relation to adjacent contact X-ray angiograms. Vascular resistance in defined tissue compartments was quantified, and finally, the tumor vasculature was 3D reconstructed via the micro-CT technique. Results show that the vascular tree of the kidney could be distinctly defined, and autoradiograms disclosed a high cortical flow. The peripheral resistance unit of the whole perfused specimen was 0.78 ± 0.40 (n = 26), while that of the renal cortex was 0.17 ± 0.07 (n = 15 with 114 samples). Micro-CT images from both cortex and medulla defined the vascular architecture. Angiograms from the renal tumors demonstrated a significant vascular heterogeneity within and between different tumors. A dense and irregular capillary network characterized peripheral tumor areas, whereas central parts of the tumors were less vascularized. Despite the dense capillarity, low perfusion through vessels with a diameter below 15 µm was seen on the autoradiograms. We conclude that micronized barium sulphate infusion may be used to demonstrate the vascular architecture in a complex organ. The vascular resistance was low, with little variation in the cortex of the normal kidney. Tumor tissue showed a considerable vascular structural heterogeneity with low perfusion through the peripheral nutritive capillaries and very poor perfusion of the central tumor, indicating intratumoral pressure exceeding the perfusion pressure. The merits and shortcomings of the various techniques used are discussed.