嵌合抗原受体 T (CAR-T) 细胞疗法的免疫疗法显着改善了复发/难治性 B 细胞肿瘤患者的临床结果。然而，细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）和免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征（ICANS）等并发症限制了这种治疗方法的治疗效果。 ICANS 可以有广泛的临床表现，同时已经开发了各种评分系统用于其分级。 CAR-T 治疗接受者普遍存在认知衰退，包括注意力受损、项目命名和书写困难、失写症和执行功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是介绍用于识别这些患者认知障碍的诊断方法和测试。此外，还提供了有关输注后认知障碍症状持续时间的最新数据。对神经认知障碍的危险因素、发病机制、预防措施和治疗进行更多研究对于改善患者的预后至关重要。

Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies has brought substantial improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell neoplasms. However, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) limit the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment approach. ICANS can have a broad range of clinical manifestations, while various scoring systems have been developed for its grading. Cognitive decline is prevalent in CAR-T therapy recipients including impaired attention, difficulty in item naming, and writing, agraphia, and executive dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present the diagnostic methods and tests that have been used for the recognition of cognitive impairment in these patients. Moreover, up-to-date data about the duration of cognitive impairment symptoms after the infusion are presented. More research on the risk factors, pathogenesis, preventive measures, and therapy of neurocognitive impairment is crucial for better outcomes for our patients.