源自黄芪的黄芪多糖（APS）在中药中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些多糖已显示出抗肿瘤作用并且被认为是安全的。因此，它们在癌症免疫治疗中变得越来越重要。 APS可以通过影响免疫细胞、促进细胞死亡、触发癌细胞自噬和影响肿瘤微环境来限制癌症的扩散。当与其他疗法联合使用时，APS 可以增强治疗效果并减少毒性和副作用。 APS与免疫检查点抑制剂、中继细胞免疫治疗、癌症疫苗联合应用，拓宽了癌症免疫治疗的应用范围，增强了治疗效果。本文通过总结近二十年来APS在癌症免疫治疗中的研究成果，详细阐述APS的抗癌机制及其在癌症免疫治疗和临床试验中的应用。考虑到 APS 的多重作用，本综述强调了使用 APS 作为癌症免疫治疗辅助手段的重要性，并将其他多糖与 APS 进行了比较。本次讨论深入探讨了APS的具体作用机制，揭示了APS用于制定有效临床策略的分子靶点，并强调了APS在未来临床癌症治疗中的广泛应用。

Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.