鹿角是生长最快的组织。由于它们基于原癌基因，为了避免患癌症的风险，鹿角进化出了强大的抗癌机制，因此它们的提取物（DVA）对迄今为止研究的少数人类肿瘤也有效。我们通过测试不同肿瘤细胞的直接作用来评估 DVA 是否是一种通用抗癌化合物：胶质母细胞瘤（GBM；U87MG 和 U251 系）、结直肠癌（CRC；DLD-1、HT-29、SW480 和 SW620 系）、乳腺癌癌症（BRCA；MCF7、SKBR3 和 PA00 系）和白血病 (THP-1)。 DVA 降低了肿瘤的活力，但不降低健康细胞的活力（NHC；293T 系和 HaCaT 系）。至少在最长的测试（72 小时）中，活动能力有所下降。 GBM异种移植小鼠腹腔/口服200mg DVA/kg给药28天，肿瘤重量分别减少66.3％和61.4％，并且还减少脾脏重量（43.8％）。此外，用DVA治疗的肿瘤表现出液化性坏死的症状。血清细胞因子显示 DVA 上调与肿瘤对抗相关的因子，并下调与诱导肿瘤免疫耐受相关的因子。 DVA 在测试的细胞系中显示出一般的抗癌作用，并且在 GBM 小鼠中也显示出明显由免疫系统介导的强烈间接作用。 DVA 可能含有一种未来的抗癌药物，不会产生副作用。

Deer antlers are the fastest growing tissue. Because they are based on proto-oncogenes, to avoid the risk of cancer, antlers evolved strong anticancer mechanisms, and thus their extract (DVA) is effective also against the few human tumours studied so far. We assessed whether DVA is a general anticancer compound by testing the direct effects in cells of different tumours: glioblastoma (GBM; lines U87MG and U251), colorectal (CRC; lines DLD-1, HT-29, SW480, and SW620), breast cancer (BRCA; lines MCF7, SKBR3, and PA00), and leukaemia (THP-1). DVA reduced the viability of tumours but not healthy cells (NHC; lines 293T and HaCaT). Mobility decreased at least for the longest test (72 h). Intraperitoneal/oral 200 mg DVA/kg administration in GBM xenograft mice for 28 d reduced tumour weight by 66.3% and 61.4% respectively, and it also reduced spleen weight (43.8%). In addition, tumours treated with DVA showed symptoms of liquefactive necrosis. Serum cytokines showed DVA up-regulated factors related to tumour fighting and down-regulated those related to inducing immune tolerance to the tumour. DVA shows general anticancer effects in the lines tested and, in GBM mice, also strong indirect effects apparently mediated by the immune system. DVA may contain a future anticancer medicine without secondary effects.