饮酒会显着影响疾病负担，并在观察性研究中与多种疾病相关。然而，使用孟德尔随机化 (MR) 来检查饮酒模式的综合荟萃分析是有限的。我们的目的是通过整合 MR 研究的结果来评估饮酒的健康风险。对关注酒精暴露的 MR 研究进行了彻底的搜索。我们利用两组工具变量（饮酒量和有问题的饮酒量）以及 FinnGen 联盟 R9 版本的汇总统计数据来执行从头 MR 分析。我们的荟萃分析涵盖 64 项已发表的和 151 项从头 MR 分析，涉及 76 种不同的主要结局。结果表明，与吸烟无关的饮酒遗传倾向与帕金森病、前列腺增生和类风湿关节炎风险降低显着相关。它还与慢性胰腺炎、结直肠癌和头颈癌的风险增加有关。此外，酗酒的遗传倾向与酒精性肝病、肝硬化、急性和慢性胰腺炎以及肺炎的风险增加密切相关。我们的 MR 研究证据支持这样的观点：饮酒和有问题的饮酒与一系列疾病存在因果关系，主要是通过增加风险。

Alcohol consumption significantly impacts disease burden and has been linked to various diseases in observational studies. However, comprehensive meta-analyses using Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine drinking patterns are limited. We aimed to evaluate the health risks of alcohol use by integrating findings from MR studies. A thorough search was conducted for MR studies focused on alcohol exposure. We utilized two sets of instrumental variables-alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol use-and summary statistics from the FinnGen consortium R9 release to perform de novo MR analyses. Our meta-analysis encompassed 64 published and 151 de novo MR analyses across 76 distinct primary outcomes. Results show that a genetic predisposition to alcohol consumption, independent of smoking, significantly correlates with a decreased risk of Parkinson's disease, prostate hyperplasia, and rheumatoid arthritis. It was also associated with an increased risk of chronic pancreatitis, colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers. Additionally, a genetic predisposition to problematic alcohol use is strongly associated with increased risks of alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, both acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pneumonia. Evidence from our MR study supports the notion that alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol use are causally associated with a range of diseases, predominantly by increasing the risk.